\(M_{NaOH}=40(g/mol)\\ \%_{Na}=\dfrac{23}{40}.100\%=57,5\%\\ \%_O=\dfrac{16}{40}.100\%=40\%\\ \%_H=\dfrac{1}{40}.100\%=2,5\%\\ M_{H_2CO_3}=2+12+16.3=62(g/mol)\\ \%_H=\dfrac{2}{62}.100\%=3,23\%\\ \%_C=\dfrac{12}{62}.100\%=19,35\%\\ \%_O=100\%-3,23\%-19,35\%=77,42\%\)

\(M_{CaCO_3}=40+12+16.3=100(g/mol)\\ \%_{Ca}=\dfrac{40}{100}.100\%=40\%\\ \%_C=\dfrac{12}{100}.100\%=12\%\\ \%_O=\dfrac{48}{100}.100\%=48\%\\ M_{KNO_3}=39+14+16.3=101(g/mol)\\ \%_K=\dfrac{39}{101}.100\%=38,61\%\\ \%_N=\dfrac{14}{101}.100\%=13,86\%\\ \%_O=100\%-38,61\%-13,86\%=47,53\%\)

\(CaCO_3\\ \%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{40}{40+12+3.16}.100=40\%\\ \%m_C=\dfrac{12}{40+12+16.3}.100=12\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_O=100\%-\left(40\%+12\%\right)=48\%\\ H_2SO_4\\ \%m_H=\dfrac{2.1}{2.1+32+4.16}.100\approx2,041\%\\ \%m_S=\dfrac{32}{2.1+32+4.16}.100\approx32,653\%\\ \%m_O=\dfrac{4.16}{2.1+32+4.16}.100\approx65,306\%\\ Fe_2O_3\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.2}{56.2+16.3}.100=70\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_O=100\%-70\%=30\%\)

CaCO₃
\(\%M_{\dfrac{Ca}{CaCO_3}}=\dfrac{40}{100}.100\%=40\%\)
\(\%M_{\dfrac{C}{CaCO_3}}=\dfrac{12}{100}.100\%=12\%\)
\(\%M_{\dfrac{O}{CaCO_3}}=100\%-\left(40\%+12\%\right)=48\%\)
H₂SO₄
\(\%M_{\dfrac{H_2}{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{2}{98}.100\%=2,04\%\)
\(\%M_{\dfrac{S}{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{32}{98}.100\%=32,65\%\)
\(\%M_{\dfrac{O}{H_2SO_4}}=100\%-\left(2,04\%+32,65\%\right)=65,31\%\)
Fe₂O3
\(\%M_{\dfrac{Fe}{Fe_2O_3}}=\dfrac{112}{160}.100\%=70\%\)
\(\%M_{\dfrac{O}{Fe_2O_3}}=100\%-70\%=30\%\)
 

Câu 1 : 

Dẫn CO₂ đi qua H₂SO₄ (đ), H₂SO₄ (đ) hút nước mạnh và không phản ứng với CO₂ từ đó làm khô được CO₂

Câu 2 : 

\(M_{FeO}=56=16=72\left(g\text{/}mol\right)\)

\(\%Fe=\dfrac{56}{72}\cdot100\%=77.78\%\)

\(\%O=100\%-77.78\%=22.22\%\)

\(M_{Fe_2O_3}=56\cdot2+16\cdot3=160\left(g\text{/}mol\right)\)

\(\%Fe=\dfrac{56\cdot2}{160}\cdot100\%=70\%\)

\(\%O=100\%-70\%=30\%\)

\(M_{H_3PO_4}=1\cdot3+31+16\cdot4=98\left(g\text{/}mol\right)\)

\(\%H=\dfrac{1\cdot3}{98}\cdot100\%=3.06\%\)

\(\%P=\dfrac{31}{98}\cdot100\%=31.63\%\)

\(\%O=100\%-3.06\%-31.63\%=65.31\%\)

\(M_{Na_2SO_4}=2\cdot23+32+16\cdot4=142\left(g\text{/}mol\right)\)

\(\%Na=\dfrac{23\cdot2}{142}\cdot100\%=32.39\%\)

\(\%S=\dfrac{32}{142}\cdot100\%=22.54\%\)

\(\%O=100\%-32.39\%-22.54\%=45.07\%\)

\(\%Ca=\dfrac{1.40}{100}.100\%=40\%\\\%C=\dfrac{1.12}{100}.100\%=12\%\\ \%O=100\%-\left(40\%+12\%\right)=48\% \)

M_CaCO3 = 100 g/mol

%Ca = \(\dfrac{40}{100}.100\)= 40%

%C = \(\dfrac{12}{100}.100\)= 12%

%O₃= \(\dfrac{48}{100}.100\)=48%

40,0%. 57,5%. 2,5%. 60,0%

\(\%C=\dfrac{12x}{46}.100\%=52,174\%\)

⇒ \(x=2\)

\(\%H=\dfrac{1.y}{46}.100\%=13,043\%\)

⇒ \(y=6\)

\(\%O=\dfrac{16z}{46}.100\%=34,783\%\)

⇒ \(x=1\)

⇒ \(CTHH:C_2H_6O\)

\(PTK_{CaCO_3}=NTK_{Ca}+NTK_C+3.NTK_O=40+12+3.16=100\left(đ.v.C\right)\\ \%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{NTK_{Ca}}{PTK_{CaCO_3}}.100\%=\dfrac{40}{100}.100=40\%\\ \%m_C=\dfrac{NTK_C}{PTK_{CaCO_3}}.100\%=\dfrac{12}{100}.100=12\%\\ \%m_O=100\%-\left(\%m_{Ca}+\%m_C\right)=100\%-\left(40\%+12\%\right)=48\%\)

\(M_{CuSO_4}=64+32+16.4=160\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)

\(\%Cu=\dfrac{64}{160}.100\%=40\%\)

\(\%S=\dfrac{32}{160}.100\%=20\%\)

\(\%O=100\%-20\%-40\%=40\%\)

\(M_{K_2CO_3}=39.2+12+16.3=138\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)

\(\%K=\dfrac{39.2}{138}.100\%=56,5\%\)

\(\%C=\dfrac{12}{138}.100\%=8,7\%\)

\(\%O=100\%-56,5\%-8,7\%=34,8\%\)

\(M_{Ná_2SO_4}=23.2+32+16.4=142\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)

\(\%Na=\dfrac{23.2}{142}.100\%=32,4\%\)

\(\%S=\dfrac{32}{142}.100\%=22,5\%\)

\(\%O=100\%-32,4\%-22,5\%=45,1\%\)

Gọi công thức hoá học của (T) là \(Ca_xC_yO_z\)_.

\(\%Ca=\dfrac{KLNT\left(Ca.x\right)}{KLPT\left(Ca_xC_yO_z\right)}.100\%=\dfrac{40x}{100}.100\%=40\%\Rightarrow x=1\)

\(\%C=\dfrac{KLNT\left(C.y\right)}{KLPT\left(Ca_xC_yO_z\right)}.100\%=\dfrac{12y}{100}.100\%=12\%\Rightarrow y=1\)

\(\%O=\dfrac{KLNT\left(O.z\right)}{KLPT\left(Ca_xC_yO_z\right)}.100\%=\dfrac{16z}{100}.100\%=48\%\Rightarrow z=3\)

Vậy công thức hoá học của (T) là: \(CaCO_3\)