2Al + 3H2SO4 -> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H_{2 (1)}

_{2 3 1 3 ( mol)}

2x 3x x 3x

Mg + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 +H2 (2)

1 1 1 1

y y y y

Gọi số mol của Al là x

=> nAl = 2x, nH2SO4 = 3x, nAl2(SO4)3= x , nH2= 3x

Gọi số mol của Mg là y

=> nMg = y, nH2SO4 = y, nMgSO4 = y, nH2= y

Ta có:

m_hh = m_Al + m_Mg

1,41= 27.2x + 24y

1,41= 54x + 24y

V H₂ (1) + V H₂ (2) = 1,568 (1568ml = 1,568 l)

22,4 . 3x + 22,4y = 1,568

67,2x + 22.4y = 1,568

Có : - 54x + 24y=1,41

- 67,2x + 22.4y = 1,568

Bấm máy tính => x = 0,015

y = 0,025

mAl = 54x = 54 . 0,015 = 0,81 9(g)

mMg = 1,41 - 0,81 = 0,6 (g)

%mAl = 0,81 . 100 / 1,41 = 57,45%

%mMg = 100% - 57,45% = 42,55%

a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

b, Ta có: 27n_Al + 56n_Fe = 5,5 (1)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{5,5}.100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, \(m_{hh}=m_{Al}+m_{Fe}=27n_{Al}+56n_{Fe}=11,1\left(I\right)\)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

Theo PTHH : \(\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=n_{H2}=0,3\left(II\right)\)

- Giair 1 và 2 => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,1\\n_{Fe}=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\) mol

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=2,7g\left(24,32\%\right)\\m_{Fe}=8,4g\left(75,68\%\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, - Theo PTHH : \(n_{H2SO4du}=n_{H2SO4}-n_{H2SO4pu}=0,325mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H2SO4du}=31,85g\)

Ta có ; \(m_{dd}=m_{ddH2SO4}+m_{hh}-m_{H2}=255,5g\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{m}{mdd}.100\%=12,46\%\\C\%_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=\dfrac{m}{mdd}.100\%=6,7\%\\C\%_{FeSO4}=\dfrac{m}{mdd}.100\%=8,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy ...

a,nH2=\(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}\)=0,3(mol)

Gọi số mol của Al là x, số mol của Fe là y

Ta có :

27x+56y=11,1 (1) 

1,5a+b=0,3 (2)

Từ (1),(2) ⇒x=0,1 ; y=0,15

%mAl=\(\dfrac{0,1.27}{11,1}.100\)=24,32%

%mFe=100%−24,32%=75,68%

b,nH2SO4=\(\dfrac{245.25\%}{98}\)=0,625(mol)

⇒nH2SO4.trong.Y=0,625−0,3=0,325(mol)

mdd(spu)=11,1+245−0,3.2=255,5(g)

nAl2(SO4)3=0,05(mol)

nFeSO4=0,15(mol)

⇒C%H2SO4=12,47%

C%Al2(SO4)3=6,2%

C%FeSO4=8,92%

a) M\(_x\)= M\(_{N_2}\). 1,64 = 28.1,64 = 45,92 (g/mol)

Mg ko pư vs HCl

Gọi số mol của Fe  là a(a>0)

=> n_Al= 2a(mol)

n_Mg = 3/2 a (mol)

n_H2=49,28/22,4=2,2(mol)

PTHH

Fe + 2HCl ------> FeCl₂ + H₂

a                                       a  (mol)

2Al + 6HCl ------> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

2a                                        3a  (mol)

=> n_H2 = a+3a=4a=2,2(mol)

=> a=0,55 = n_Fe

=> n_Al = 2a = 1,1 ( mol)

n_Mg = 0,825 ( mol)

%m_Fe = ( 0,55.56)/(0,55.56 + 1,1.27 + 0,825.24) . 100% = 38,35 %

%m_Al =(1,1.27)/(0,55.56 + 1,1.27 + 0,825.24) . 100% = 37%

%m_Mg = 100% - %m_Fe - %m_Al = 100% -38,36%-37% = 24,65%

( kết quả có thể khác , bn tự lm lại theo hướng này )

#Học-tốt

Giả sử hỗn hợp chỉ chứa : Mg

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6.5}{24}=0.27\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0.3\cdot2=0.6\left(mol\right)\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(0.27.........0.54\)

\(n_{HCl}=0.54< 0.6\)

=> A tan hết .

\(2.\)

\(n_{Fe}=n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{hh}=2a+b=0.15\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{hh}=80a+65b=6.5\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow a=0.065,b=0.02\)

\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.065\cdot56}{6.5}\cdot100\%=56\%\)

\(\%Mg=\dfrac{0.065\cdot24}{6.5}\cdot100\%=24\%\)

\(\%Zn=20\)

a) \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{16}{40}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

=> n_Mg = 0,4 (mol)

=> m_Mg = 0,4.24 = 9,6 (g)

b) n_Mg = 0,4 (mol) => n_X = 0,6 (mol)

m_X = 33,6 - 9,6 = 24 (g)

=> \(M_X=\dfrac{24}{0,6}=40\left(g/mol\right)\)

=> X là Ca

c) 

PTHH: 2Mg + O₂ --t^o--> 2MgO

             2Ca + O₂ --t^o--> 2CaO

\(m_{O_2}=49,6-33,6=16\left(g\right)\)

=> \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{16}{32}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

=> V_O2 = 0,5.22,4 = 11,2 (l)

=> V_kk = 11,2.5 = 56 (l)

a)\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{16}{40}=0,4mol\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,4mol\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=9,6g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_X=33,6-9,6=24g\)

b)Theo bài: \(\dfrac{n_{Mg}}{n_X}=\dfrac{2}{3}\Rightarrow\dfrac{0,4}{n_X}=\dfrac{2}{3}\Rightarrow n_X=0,6mol\)

\(\Rightarrow M_X=\dfrac{24}{0,6}=40\Rightarrow X:Ca\)

c)\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\)

     \(x\)                    \(x\)

   \(2Ca+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CaO\)

    \(y\)                      \(y\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+40y=33,6\\40x+56y=49,6\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,4\\y=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Sigma n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Mg}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Ca}=0,2+0,3=0,5mol\)

\(m_{O_2}=0,5\cdot32=16g\)

\(V_{kk}=5V_{O_2}=5\cdot0,5\cdot22,4=56l\)

1,a,Gọi \(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,5a\left(mol\right)\)

\(\rightarrow27a+24.0,5b=7,8\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

2, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,16}{32}=0,005\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2HgO --t^o--> 2Hg + O₂

                                 0,01<- 0,05

\(\rightarrow m_{Hg}=0,01.201=2,01\left(g\right)\)