Cho:x/a=y/b=z/c
Rút gọn P=(x^2+y^2+z^2)/(ax+by+cz)^2
Cho biết: ax+by+cz=0. Rút gọn: \(A=\dfrac{bc.\left(y-z\right)^2+ca.\left(z-x\right)^2+ab.\left(x-y\right)^2}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{bcy^2+bcz^2+caz^2+cax^2+abx^2+aby^2-2bcyz-2cazx-2abxy}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}=\dfrac{\left(bcy^2+bcz^2+caz^2+cax^2+abx^2+aby^2+a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2\right)-\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}=\dfrac{\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}=a+b+c\)
cho x/a=y/b=z/c rút gọn a=(x^2+y^2+z^2).(a^2+b^2+c^2)/(ax+by+cz)^2
cho a,b,c và x,y,z thỏa ax+by+cz=0. rút gọn A=bc(y-z)^2+ca(z-x)^2+ab(x-y)^2/a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2+z^2
Đặt B = \(bc\left(y-z\right)^2+ca\left(z-x\right)^2+ab\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=bcy^2+bcz^2+caz^2+cax^2+abx^2+aby^2-2\left(bcyz+acxz+abxy\right)\) (1)
Từ \(ax+by+cz=0\Rightarrow\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=0\)
=>\(a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2\left(bcyz+acxz+abxy\right)=0\)
=>\(a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2=-2\left(bcyz+acxz+abxy\right)\) (2)
Thay (2) vào (1) ta được:
\(B=ax^2\left(b+c\right)+by^2\left(a+c\right)+cz^2\left(a+b\right)+a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2\)
\(=ax^2\left(a+b+c\right)+by^2\left(a+b+c\right)+cz^2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Vậy \(A=\frac{\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}=a+b+c\)
Cho x/a=y/b=z/c khác 0.Rút gọn biểu thức ( x^2+y^2+z^2)(a^2+b^2+c^2)/(ax+by+cz)^2.
Đặt \(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{c}{z}=k\ne0\) thì \(x=ak;y=bk;z=ck.\)
Do đó : \(\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}=\frac{\left(a^2k^2+b^2k^2+c^2k^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\left(a^2k+b^2k+c^2k\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{k^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{k^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}=1.\)
Biết ax+by+cz=0. Rút gọn:
A= \(\frac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{bc\left(y-z\right)^2+ac\left(x-z\right)^2+ab\left(x-y\right)^2}\)
Từ giả thiết ta có: \(ax+by+cz=0\Rightarrow a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2=-2\left(axby+bycz+axcz\right)\)
Ta biến đổi mẫu của biểu thức A:
\(bc\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+ac\left(x^2-2xz+z^2\right)+ab\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=bcy^2+bcz^2+acx^2+acz^2+abx^2+aby^2-2\left(bycz+axcz+axby\right)\)
\(=bcy^2+bcz^2+acx^2+acz^2+abx^2+aby^2+a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2\)
\(=\left(bcz^2+abx^2+b^2y^2\right)+\left(bcy^2+acx^2+c^2z^2\right)+\left(acz^2+aby^2+a^2x^2\right)\)
\(=b\left(cz^2+ax^2+by^2\right)+c\left(by^2+ax^2+cz^2\right)+a\left(cz^2+by^2+ax^2\right)\)
\(=\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Vậy \(A=\frac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
Rút gọn phân thức sau :
M=(ax^2 + by^2 + cz^2 ) / ( bc(y-z)^2 +ca(z-x)^2+ab(x-y)^2)
với ax+by+cz=0 ( a + v + c khác 0 )
Phân tích mẫu :
\(M=bc\left(y-z\right)^2+ca\left(z-x\right)^2+ab\left(x-y\right)^2\)
Khai triển các bình phương và gom các nhân tử chung :
\(M=\left(ab+ac\right)x^2+\left(ab+bc\right)y^2+\left(bc+ac\right)z^2-2abxy-2bcxy-2acxy\)
\(=\left[\left(ab+ac\right)x^2+a^2x^2+\left(ab+bc\right)y^2+b^2y^2+\left(bc+ac\right)z^2+c^2z^2\right]-\)\(\left(a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2ab+2aczx+2bcyz\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)-\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\) ( vì \(ax+by+cz=0\) )
Kết quả : \(M=\frac{1}{a+b+c},a+b+c\ne0\)
Cho biết ax + by + cz = 0
Rút gọn: \(A=\frac{bc\left(y-z\right)^2+ca\left(z-x\right)^2+ab\left(x-y\right)^2}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}\)
Giải
Ta có: \(B=bc\left(y-z\right)^2+ca\left(z-x\right)^2+ab\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=bcy^2+bcz^2+caz^2+cax^2+abx^2+aby^2-2\left(bcyz+acxz+abxy\right)\)
\(=ax^2\left(b+c\right)+by^2\left(a+c\right)+cz^2\left(a+b\right)-2\left(bcyz+acxz+abxy\right)\)(1)
Từ giả thiết suy ra:
\(a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2\left(abxy+acxz+bcyz\right)=0\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2):
\(B=ax^2\left(b+c\right)+by^2\left(a+c\right)+cz^2\left(a+c\right)-a^2x^2-b^2y^2-c^2z^2\)
\(=ax^2\left(a+b+c\right)+by^2\left(a+b+c\right)+cz^2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\)
Do đó:
\(A=\frac{B}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}=a+b+c\)
Cho biết ax + by + cz = 0
Rút gọn \(A=\dfrac{bc\left(y-z\right)^2+ca\left(z-x\right)^2+ab\left(x-y\right)^2}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}\)
Ta có: \(B=bc\left(y-z\right)^2+ca\left(z-x\right)^2+ab\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=bcy^2+bcz^2+caz^2+cax^2+aby^2-2\left(bcyz+acxz+abxy\right)\) (1)
Từ giả thiết suy ra:
\(a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2\left(bcyz+acxz+abxy\right)=0\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:
\(B=ax^2\left(b+c\right)+by^2\left(a+c\right)+cz^2\left(a+b\right)+a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2\)
\(=ax^2\left(a+b+c\right)+by^2\left(a+b+c\right)+cz^2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\)
Do đó: \(A=\dfrac{B}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}=a+b+c\)
Đặt: B = bc(y-z)2 + ca(z-x)2 + ab(x-y)2
= bcy2 + bcz2 + caz2 + cax2 + abx2 + aby2 - 2(bcyz + acxz + abxy) (1)
=> a2x2 + b2y2 + c2z2 + 2(bcyz + acxz + abxy) = 0 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:
B = ax2(b+c) + by2(a+c) + cz2(a+b) + a2x2 + b2y2 + c2z2
= ax2(a+b+c) + by2(a+b+c) + cz2(a+b+c)
= (az2+by2+cz2)(a+b+c)
Vậy \(A=\dfrac{B}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}=a+b+c\)
Biết ax+by+cz=0. Rút gọn: A=\(\frac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{bc\left(y-z\right)^2+ac\left(x-z\right)^2+ab\left(x-y\right)^2}\)