Bài 1:

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,3=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{26,82}.100\approx20,134\%\\\Rightarrow \%m_{Al_2O_3}\approx79,866\%\\ b,n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{26,82-5,4}{102}=0,21\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=6.0,21+2.0,3=1,86\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,86}{2}=0,93\left(l\right)=930\left(ml\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=930.1,12=1041,6\left(g\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=2.0,21+0,2=0,62\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,62.133,5}{1041,6-0,3.2}.100\approx7,951\%\)

2)

a) Gọi KL và oxit của nó là M và MO

n_HCl = 4.0,25 = 1 (mol)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: M + 2HCl --> MCl₂ + H₂

          0,3<-0,6<--------------0,3

            MO + 2HCl --> MCl₂ + H₂O

          0,2<---0,4

=> 0,3.M_M + 0,2.(M_M + 16) = 31,2

=> M_M = 56 (g/mol)

=> Kim loại là Sắt (Fe)

b) 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,3.56}{31,2}.100\%=53,85\%\\\%m_{FeO}=\dfrac{0,2.72}{31,2}.100\%=46,15\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 2:

Đặt A là kim loại cần tìm

\(a,A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\left(1\right)\\ AO+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2O\left(2\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(ban.đầu\right)}=0,25.4=1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2.n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=1-0,6=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AO}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_A=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ Vì:m_{hhđầu}=31,2\\ \Leftrightarrow m_A+m_{AO}=31,2\\ \Leftrightarrow0,3.M_A+0,2.\left(M_A+16\right)=31,2\\ \Leftrightarrow M_A=56\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow A:Sắt\left(Fe=56\right)\\ b,\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,3.56}{31,2}.100\approx53,846\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{FeO}\approx46,154\%\)

a) 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2M + 3H₂SO₄ --> M₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

           0,2<----0,3<--------0,1<-------0,3

=> \(M_M=\dfrac{5,4}{0,2}=27\left(g/mol\right)\)

=> M là Al

b) \(C\%_{dd.H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3.98}{395,2}.100\%=7,44\%\)

c) 

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

          0,2-->0,6

=> \(V_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{1}=0,6\left(l\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)

\(a)n_{Zn}=\dfrac{9,1}{65}=0,14mol\\ Zn+CuSO_4\rightarrow Cu+ZnSO_4\\ n_{Cu}=n_{CuSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,14mol\\ m_{Cu}=0,14.64=8,96g\\ b)m_{CuSO_4}=0,14.160=22,4g\\ m_{ddCuSO_4}=\dfrac{22,4}{20\%}\cdot100\%=112g\\ V_{ddCuSO_4}=\dfrac{112}{1,12}=100ml\)

PTHH: \(R+CuSO_4\rightarrow RSO_4+Cu\)

Ta có: \(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot16\%}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{Cu}=n_R\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2\cdot64=12,8\left(g\right)\)

Theo bài ra, ta có: m_{hỗn hợp} = m_{R ban đầu} - m_{R pư} + m_Cu

\(\Rightarrow51,75-m_{R\left(pư\right)}+12,8=51,55\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{R\left(pư\right)}=13\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow M_R=\dfrac{13}{0,2}=65\) \(\Rightarrow\) R là Kẽm

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{R\left(bđ\right)}+m_{ddCuSO_4}-m_{Cu}-m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=225,95\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot161}{225,95}\cdot100\%\approx14,25\%\)

Chọn C

Đáp án C

Nếu Fe và Mg phản ứng hết:

=> m_Cu = 64.0,045 = 2,88 g > 2,82 g

=> Chứng tò Fe phản ứng còn dư.