a) Đặt \(d=\left(a_1,a_2,...,a_n\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a_1=dx_1\\a_2=dx_2\\...\\a_n=dx_n\end{matrix}\right.\) (với \(\left(x_1,x_2,...,x_n\right)=1\)).

Ta có \(A_i=\dfrac{A}{a_i}=\dfrac{d^nx_1x_2...x_n}{dx_i}=d^{n-1}\dfrac{x_1x_2...x_n}{x_i}=d^{n-1}B_i\forall i\in\overline{1,n}\).

Từ đó \(\left[A_1,A_2,...,A_n\right]=d^{n-1}\left[B_1,B_2,...,B_n\right]\).

Mặt khác do \(\left(x_1,x_2,...,x_n\right)=1\Rightarrow\left[B_1,B_2,...B_n\right]=x_1x_2...x_n\).

Vậy \(\left(a_1,a_2,...,a_n\right)\left[A_1,A_2,...,A_n\right]=d.d^{n-1}x_1x_2...x_n=d^nx_1x_2...x_n=A\).

a.

\(\Leftrightarrow na_{n+2}-na_{n+1}=2\left(n+1\right)a_{n+1}-2\left(n+1\right)a_n\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a_{n+2}-a_{n+1}}{n+1}=2.\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}\)

Đặt \(b_n=\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b_1=\dfrac{a_2-a_1}{1}=1\\b_{n+1}=2b_n\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow b_n=2^{n-1}\Rightarrow a_{n+1}-a_n=n.2^{n-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a_{n+1}-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)-1\right]2^{n+1}=a_n-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n\)

Đặt \(c_n=a_n-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c_1=a_1-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right]2^1=2\\c_{n+1}=c_n=...=c_1=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a_n=\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n+2=\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2\)

b.

Câu b này đề sai

Với \(n=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{a_1-1}=0< \dfrac{1\left(1+1\right)}{2}\)

Với \(n=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}=0+1< \dfrac{2\left(2+1\right)}{2}\)

Có lẽ đề đúng phải là: \(\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}+...+\sqrt{a_n-1}\ge\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(\sqrt{a_n-1}\ge n-1\) ; \(\forall n\in Z^+\)

Hay: \(\sqrt{\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+1}\ge n-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2n\ge n^2\)

- Với \(n=1\Rightarrow-1+2\ge1^2\) (đúng)

- Với \(n=2\Rightarrow0+4\ge2^2\) (đúng)

- Giả sử BĐT đúng với \(n=k\ge2\) hay \(\left(k-2\right)2^{k-1}+2k\ge k^2\)

Ta cần chứng minh: \(\left(k-1\right)2^k+2\left(k+1\right)\ge\left(k+1\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(k-1\right)2^k+1\ge k^2\)

Thật vậy: \(\left(k-1\right)2^k+1=2\left(k-2\right)2^{k-1}+2^k+1\ge2k^2-4k+2^k+1\)

\(\ge2k^2-4k+5=k^2+\left(k-2\right)^2+1>k^2\) (đpcm)

Do đó:

\(\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}+...+\sqrt{a_n-1}>0+1+...+n-1=\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}\)

c.

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{a_n}{3^n}=\dfrac{\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2}{3^n}=\dfrac{n}{2\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+\dfrac{2}{3^n}\)

Đặt \(S_n=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{a_n}{3^n}=\dfrac{1}{2}\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}-\sum\limits^n_{j=1}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+2\sum\limits^n_{k=1}\dfrac{1}{3^n}=\dfrac{1}{2}S'-2+2\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+1-\dfrac{1}{3^n}\)

Xét \(S'=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}\)

\(S'=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{3}{2}}+\dfrac{2}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^3}+...+\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}\)

\(\dfrac{3}{2}S'=1+\dfrac{2}{\dfrac{3}{2}}+\dfrac{3}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}S'=1+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}}-\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}=\dfrac{1-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n}{1-\dfrac{2}{3}}=3-3\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n-n\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n\)

\(\Rightarrow S_n=2-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n-\dfrac{1}{3^n}-n\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n\)

\(\Rightarrow\lim\left(S_n\right)=2\)

Sửa đề: n \(\ge1\).

Với n =1, bất đẳng thức trở thành đẳng thức.

Với n =2, cần chứng minh: \(2\left(a_1^2+a_2^2\right)\ge\left(a_1+a_2\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(a_1-a_2\right)^2\ge0\) (đúng)

Giả sử nó đúng đến n = k, tức là ta có: \(k\left(a_1^2+a_2^2+...+a_k^2\right)\ge\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_k\right)^2\)

Hay là: \(\left(a_1^2+a_2^2+...+a_k^2\right)\ge\frac{\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_k\right)^2}{k}\)

Ta c/m nó đúng với n = k +1 or \(\left(k+1\right)\left(a_1^2+a_2^2+...+a_k^2+a_{k+1}^2\right)\ge\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_k+a_{k+1}\right)^2\)

Ta có: \(VT=\left(k+1\right)\left(a_1^2+a_2^2+...+a_k^2+a_{k+1}^2\right)\)

\(\ge\left(k+1\right)\left[\frac{\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_k\right)^2}{k}+\frac{a^2_{k+1}}{1}\right]\ge\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(a_1+a_2+..+a_k+a_{k+1}\right)^2}{k+1}=VP\)

Vậy đpcm là đúng.

P/s: Chả biết đúng không, chưa check, đại khái hướng làm là dùng quy nạp.

delllllllllll bt

ta có: 2(a^2+b^2)>= (a+b)^2

Do \(a_1;a_2;...a_n\in\left[0;1\right]\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le a_1\le1\\0\le a_2\le1\\...\\0\le a_n\le1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a_1\left(1-a_1\right)\ge0\\a_2\left(1-a_2\right)\ge0\\...\\a_n\left(1-a_n\right)\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a_1\ge a_1^2\\a_2\ge a_2^2\\...\\a_n\ge a_n^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a_1^2+a_2^2+...+a_n^2\le a_1+a_2+...+a_n\)

Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:

\(\left(1+a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)^2\ge4\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1+2\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)+\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)^2\ge4\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)^2-2\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)+1\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(\left(a_1,a_2,...,a_n\right)=\left(0,0,..,1\right)\) và các hoán vị

\(\Leftrightarrow n\left(a_{n+2}-a_{n+1}\right)=\left(n+1\right)\left(a_{n+1}-a_n\right)+3n\left(n+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a_{n+2}-a_{n+1}}{n+1}=\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}+3\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}=b_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b_1=\dfrac{a_2-a_1}{1}=-6\\b_{n+1}=b_n+3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow b_n\) là cấp số cộng với công sai 3

\(\Rightarrow b_n=b_1+\left(n-1\right)d=-6+3\left(n-1\right)=3n-9\)

\(\Rightarrow a_{n+1}-a_n=n\left(3n-9\right)=3n^2-9n\)

\(\Rightarrow a_{n+1}-\left(n+1\right)^3+6\left(n+1\right)^2-5\left(n+1\right)=a_n-n^3+6n^2-5n\)

Đặt \(a_n-n^3+6n^2-5n=c_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c_1=6-1+6-5=6\\c_{n+1}=c_n=...=c_1=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a_n=n^3-6n^2+5n+6\)