\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x+2}{y-1}=\dfrac{x-4}{y+2}\\\dfrac{2x+3}{y-1}=\dfrac{4x+1}{2y+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)=\left(y-1\right)\left(x-\text{4}\right)\\\left(2x+3\right)\left(2y+1\right)=\left(y-1\right)\left(4x+1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy+2x+2y+4=xy-4y-x+4\\4xy+2x+6y+3=4xy-4x+y-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+6y=0\\6x+5y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{8}{7}\\y=\dfrac{4}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)(TM)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\left(x-y\right)-3\left(2x+3y\right)=12\\3\left(x+2y\right)-4\left(x+2y\right)=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x-5y-6x-9y=12\\3x+6y-4x-8y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x-14y=12\\-x-2y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{26}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{7}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy HPT có nghiệm (x;y) = (\(-\dfrac{26}{3};-\dfrac{7}{12}\))

\(1,\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2y+4\\-4y-8+5y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\cdot5+4=14\\y=5\end{matrix}\right.\\ 2,\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x-30+6x=3\\y=10-2x\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\\ 3,\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4-2y\\6y-12+y=7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{10}{7}\\y=\dfrac{19}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)

1) \(-2x^2+x+1-2\sqrt[]{x^2+x+1}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt[]{x^2+x+1}=-2x^2+x+1\left(1\right)\)

Ta có :

\(2\sqrt[]{x^2+x+1}=2\sqrt[]{\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}}\ge\sqrt[]{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x+\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow-2x^2+x+1=\sqrt[]{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-x+\sqrt[]{3}-1=0\)

\(\Delta=1-8\left(\sqrt[]{3}-1\right)=9-8\sqrt[]{3}\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt[]{9-8\sqrt[]{3}}}{4}\left(loại\right)\\x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt[]{9-8\sqrt[]{3}}}{4}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left(vì.x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)

Vậy phương trình cho vô nghiệm

Bài 2: 

a) Ta có: \(\Delta=\left(m-1\right)^2-4\cdot1\cdot\left(-m^2-2\right)\)
\(=m^2-2m+1+4m^2+8\)

\(=5m^2-2m+9>0\forall m\)

Do đó, phương trình luôn có hai nghiệm phân biệt với mọi m

Bài 1:

ĐKXĐ \(2x\ne y\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{2x-y}=a;x+3y=b\)

HPT trở thành

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=\dfrac{3}{2}\\4a-5b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{3}{2}-b\\4\left(\dfrac{3}{2}-b\right)-5b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{3}{2}-b\\6-9b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=\dfrac{8}{9}\\a=\dfrac{11}{18}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+3y=\dfrac{8}{9}\\2x-y=\dfrac{18}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x-\dfrac{18}{11}\\x+3\left(2x-\dfrac{18}{11}\right)=\dfrac{8}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{82}{99}\\y=\dfrac{2}{99}\end{matrix}\right.\)

b.

Với \(x=0\) không phải nghiệm

Với \(x\ne0\) hệ tương đương:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y}{x^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x}=-6\\\dfrac{1}{x^3}+y^3=19\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{x};y\right)=\left(u;v\right)\) ta được: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}uv^2+u^2v=-6\\u^3+v^3=19\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3uv^2+3u^2v=-18\\u^3+v^3+19\end{matrix}\right.\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(\left(u+v\right)^3=1\Rightarrow u+v=1\)

Thay vào \(u^2v+uv^2=-6\Rightarrow uv=-6\)

Theo Viet đảo, u và v là nghiệm của:

\(t^2-t-6=0\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-2\\t=3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(u;v\right)=\left(-2;3\right);\left(3;-2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{x};y\right)=\left(-2;3\right);\left(3;-2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(-\dfrac{1}{2};3\right);\left(\dfrac{1}{3};-2\right)\)

a.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne3\)

- Với \(x\ge0\) pt trở thành:

\(\dfrac{x^2-x-12}{x-3}=2x\Rightarrow x^2-x-12=2x^2-6x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x+12=0\) (vô nghiệm)

- Với \(x< 0\) pt trở thành:

\(\dfrac{x^2+x-12}{x-3}=2x\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+4\right)}{x-3}=2x\)

\(\Rightarrow x+4=2x\Rightarrow x=4>0\) (ktm)

Vậy pt đã cho vô nghiệm

a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2}x-y=3\\x+\sqrt{2}y=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2}x-y=3\\\sqrt{2}x+2y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-3y=1\\x+\sqrt{2}y=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}y\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}\cdot\dfrac{-1}{3}=\dfrac{4\sqrt{2}}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4\sqrt{2}}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2}-2y=\dfrac{3}{4}\\2x+\dfrac{y}{3}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-8y=3\\2x+\dfrac{1}{3}y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{25}{3}y=\dfrac{10}{3}\\2x-8y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{2}{5}\\2x=3+8y=3+8\cdot\dfrac{-2}{5}=-\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

hay \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{10}\\y=-\dfrac{2}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{10}\\y=-\dfrac{2}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2x-3y}{4}-\dfrac{x+y-1}{5}=2x-y-1\\\dfrac{x+y-1}{3}+\dfrac{4x-y-2}{4}=\dfrac{2x-y-3}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5\left(2x-3y\right)}{20}-\dfrac{4\left(x+y-1\right)}{20}=\dfrac{20\left(2x-y-1\right)}{20}\\\dfrac{4\left(x+y-1\right)}{12}+\dfrac{3\left(4x-y-2\right)}{12}=\dfrac{2\left(2x-y-3\right)}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}10x-15y-4x-4y+4=40x-20y-20\\4x+4y-4+12x-3y-6=4x-2y-6\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6x-19y+4-40x+20y+20=0\\16x+y-10-4x+2y+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-34x+y=-24\\12x+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-102x+3y=-72\\12x+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-114x=-76\\12x+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\12\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\3y=4-8=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

hay \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Gõ đề có sai không ạ?

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{3+2x^2y-x^4y^2}+x^4\left(1-2x^2\right)=y^4\\1+\sqrt{1+\left(x-y\right)^2}=x^3\left(x^3-x+2y^2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{4-\left(1-x^2y\right)^2}=2x^6-x^4+y^4\\-\sqrt{1+\left(x-y\right)^2}=1-x^6+x^4-2x^3y^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Cộng theo vế HPT²

\(\sqrt{4-\left(1-x^2y\right)^2}-\sqrt{1+\left(x-y\right)^2}=\left(x^3-y^2\right)^2+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4-\left(1-x^2y\right)^2}=\sqrt{1+\left(x-y\right)^2}+\left(x^3-y^2\right)^2+1\) (1)

Có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{4-\left(1-x^2y\right)^2}\le2\\\sqrt{1+\left(x-y\right)^2}+\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2+1\ge2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\) (1) xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{4-\left(1-x^2y\right)^2}=2\\\sqrt{1+\left(x-y\right)^2}=1\\\left(x^3-y^2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2-y=1\\2x^2+2y^2+2x-3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=y+1\left(1\right)\\2\cdot\left(x^2+y^2\right)+2x-3y=4\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thay (1) vào (2) ta được: 2(y+1)+2x-3y=4 \(\Leftrightarrow2y+2+2x-3y=4\Leftrightarrow2x-y=2\Leftrightarrow y=2x-2\) (3)

Thay (3) vào (1) ta được:  ⇒ \(x^2+\left(2x-2\right)^2=2x-2+1\) \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x^2-8x+4=2x-1\) \(\Leftrightarrow5x^2-10x+5=0\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(x-1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\left(4\right)\) Thay (4) vào (3) ta được: y=0 

Vậy hpt có nghiệm (x;y)=(1;0)