Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a, 1/2x(x2-4)+4(x+2)
b, 21(x-y)2-7(x-y)3
c, 1/8x3-3/4x2+3/2 x-1
Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) A= \(x^3\)y - 12xy - x2y
b)B= 4x2 - 3y2 - 4xy - 2x + 3y
c)C= (x+1)(x+2)(x+3)(x+4) - 120
d)D= x5 - x4 + x2 - 1
a: \(A=x^3y-12xy-x^2y\)
\(=xy\cdot x^2-xy\cdot12-xy\cdot x\)
\(=xy\left(x^2-x-12\right)\)
\(=xy\left(x^2-4x+3x-12\right)\)
\(=xy\left[x\left(x-4\right)+3\left(x-4\right)\right]\)
\(=xy\left(x-4\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
c: \(C=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)-120\)
=(x+1)(x+4)(x+2)(x+3)-120
\(=\left(x^2+5x+4\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)-120\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2+10\left(x^2+5x\right)+24-120\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2+10\left(x^2+5x\right)-96\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x+16\right)\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x+16\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
d: \(D=x^5-x^4+x^2-1\)
\(=\left(x^5-x^4\right)+\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=x^4\left(x-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^4+x+1\right)\)
Bài 1. Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) 8x3-2x c) -5m3(m+1)+m+1
Bài 7. Tìm x, biết:
a) 2-x=2(x-2)3 b) 8x3-72x=0
d) 2x3+3x2+3+2x=0
Bài 1:
a: \(8x^3-2x=2x\left(4x^2-1\right)=2x\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)\)
c: \(-5m^3\left(m+1\right)+m+1=\left(m+1\right)\left(-5m^3+1\right)\)
Bài 7: Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử:
a, 4x2 - 1
b, x2 -3y2
c, 9x2 -1/4
d, (x-y)2 -4
e, 9 - (x-y)2
f, (x2 + 4)2 - 16x2
a) \(4x^2-1\)
\(=\left(2x\right)^2-1^2\)
\(=\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)\)
b) \(x^2-3y^2\)
\(=x^2-\left(y\sqrt{3}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x+y\sqrt{3}\right)\)
c) \(9x^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(=\left(3x\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(3x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
d) \(\left(x-y\right)^2-4\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2-2^2\)
\(=\left(x-y-2\right)\left(x-y+2\right)\)
e) \(9-\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=3^2-\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3+x-y\right)\left(3-x+y\right)\)
f) \(\left(x^2+4\right)^2-16x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+4\right)^2-\left(4x\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\left(x^2+4x+4\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2\left(x+2\right)^2\)
Bài 2: Phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) x4 - y4
b) x2 - 3y2
c) (3x - 2y)2 - (2x - 3y)2
d) 9(x - y)2 - 4(x + y)2
e) (4x2 - 4x + 1) - (x + 1)2
f) x3 + 27
g) 27x3 - 0,001
h) 125x3 - 1
a) \(x^4-y^4\)
\(=\left(x^2\right)^2-\left(y^2\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
b) \(x^2-3y^2\)
\(=x^2-\left(y\sqrt{3}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x+y\sqrt{3}\right)\)
c) \(\left(3x-2y\right)^2-\left(2x-3y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x-2y+2x-3y\right)\left(3x-2y-3x+2y\right)\)
\(=0\cdot0\)
\(=0\)
d) \(9\left(x-y\right)^2-4\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x-3y\right)^2-\left(2x+2y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x-3y-2x-2y\right)\left(3x-3y+2x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-5y\right)\left(5x-y\right)\)
e) \(\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x-1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x-1+x+1\right)\left(2x-1-x-1\right)\)
\(=3x\left(x-2\right)\)
f) \(x^3+27\)
\(=x^3+3^3\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)\)
g) \(27x^3-0,001\)
\(=\left(3x\right)^3-\left(0,1\right)^3\)
\(=\left(3x-0,1\right)\left(9x^2+0,3x+0,01\right)\)
h) \(125x^3-1\)
\(=\left(5x\right)^3-1^3\)
\(=\left(5x-1\right)\left(25x^2+5x+1\right)\)
Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) \(4{x^3} - 16x\)
b) \({x^4} - {y^4}\)
c) \(x{y^2} + {x^2}y + \dfrac{1}{4}{y^3}\)
d) \({x^2} + 2x - {y^2} + 1\)
`a, 4x^3 - 16x = 4x(x^2-4) = 4x(x-2)(x+2)`
`b, x^4 - y^4 = (x^2-y^2)(x^2+y^2) = (x-y)(x+y)(x^2+y^2)`
`c, xy^2 + x^2y + 1/4y^3`
`= y(xy + x^2 + 1/4y^2)`
`d, x^2 + 2x - y^2 + 1 = (x+1)^2 - y^2`
`= (x+1+y)(x+1-y)`
1A. Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) x3+2x; b) 3x - 6y;
c) 5(x + 3y)- 15x(x + 3y); d) 3(x-y)- 5x(y-x).
1B. Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) 4x2 - 6x; b) x3y - 2x2y2 + 5xy;
c) 2x2(x +1) + 4x(x +1); d) 2 x(y - 1) - 2
y(1 - y).
5 5
2A. Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử: a) 2(x -1)3 - 5(x -1)2 - (x - 1);
b) x(y - x)3 - y(x - y)2 + xy(x - y);
c) xy(x + y)- 2x - 2y;
d) x(x + y)2 - y(x + y)2 + y2 (x - y).
2B. Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử: a) 4(2-x)2 + xy - 2y;
b) x(x- y)3 - y(y - x)2 - y2(x - y);
c) x2y-xy2 - 3x + 3y;
d) x(x + y)2 - y(x + y) 2 + xy - x 2 .
1A:
a: \(x^3+2x=x\left(x^2+2\right)\)
b: \(3x-6y=3\left(x-2y\right)\)
c: \(5\left(x+3y\right)-15x\left(x+3y\right)\)
\(=5\left(x+3y\right)\left(1-3x\right)\)
d: \(3\left(x-y\right)-5x\left(y-x\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-y\right)+5x\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(5x+3\right)\)
1A. a. x(x2+2)
b. 3(x-2y)
c. 5(x+3y)(1-3x)
d. (x-y) (3-5x)
1B. a. 2x(2x-3)
b.xy(x2-2xy+5)
c. 2x(x+1)(x+2)
d. 2x(y-1)+2y(y-1)=2(y-1)(x-y)
1B:
a: \(4x^2-6x=2x\left(2x-3\right)\)
b: \(x^3y-2x^2y^2+5xy\)
\(=xy\left(x^2-2xy+5\right)\)
Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a/ x2 – 3x – 4xy + 12y b/ x3 – 4x2 + 4x -1
c/ x – y – ax + ay d/ x2 – 4 + ( x + 2)2
e/x3 + x2y – x2z – xyz f/ x2 – y2 – 2x – 2y
a: \(=x\left(x-3\right)-4y\left(x-3\right)\)
=(x-3)(x-4y)
d: \(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)+\left(x+2\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2+x+2\right)\)
=2x(x+2)
\(a,=x\left(x-3\right)-4y\left(x-3\right)=\left(x-4y\right)\left(x-3\right)\\ b,=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-4x\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-3x+1\right)\\ c,=\left(x-y\right)\left(1-a\right)\\ d,=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-2+x+2\right)=2x\left(x-2\right)\\ e,=x^2\left(x+y\right)-xz\left(x+y\right)=x\left(x-z\right)\left(x+y\right)\\ f,=\left(x-y-2\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
Bài 3: Rút gọn các biểu thức sau:
1) ( x+ 3)(x2 -3x + 9) - (x3 + 54)
2) (2x + y)(4x2 + 2xy + y2 ) - (2x – y)(4x2 + 2xy + y2 )
3) (x – 1)3 – (x + 2)(x2 -2x +4) +3(x +4)(x – 4)
4) x(x + 1)(x - 1) – (x + 1)(x2 – x +1)
5) 8x3 - 5 (2x + 1)(4x2 – 4x + 1)
6) 27 + (x – 3)(x2 +3x + 9)
7) (x – 1)3 – (x +2)(x2 -2x + 4) +3(x +4)(x -4)
8) (x – 2)3 +6( x – 1)2 –(x +1)(x2 -x +1) +3x
1: Ta có: \(\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)-\left(x^3+54\right)\)
\(=x^3+27-x^3-54\)
=-27
2: Ta có: \(\left(2x+y\right)\left(4x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-\left(2x-y\right)\left(4x^2+2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=8x^3+y^3-8x^3+y^3\)
\(=2y^3\)
\(1,=x^3+270-x^3-54=-27\\ 2,=8x^3+y^3-8x^3+y^3=2y^3\\ 3,=x^3-3x^2+3x-1-x^3-8+3x^2-48=3x-57\\ 4,=x^3-x-x^3-1=-x-1\\ 5,=8x^3-5\left(8x^3+1\right)=-32x^3-5\\ 6,=27+x^3-27=x^3\\ 7,làm.ở.câu.3\\ 8,=x^3-6x^2+12x-8+6x^2-12x+6-x^3-1+3x\\ =3x-3\)
Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử:
a)x4 - 4x2 - 8x2+ 8x
b)x2 - 1 - xy + y
c)(x-1)(x-2)(x-3) + (x-1)(x-2)(x-1)
a: \(x^4-4x^3-8x^2+8x\)
\(=x\left(x^3-4x^2-8x+8\right)\)
\(=x\left[\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)-4x\left(x+2\right)\right]\)
\(=x\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-6x+4\right)\)
b: \(x^2-1-xy+y\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)-y\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-y+1\right)\)
c: Ta có: \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)+\left(x-1\right)^2\cdot\left(x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\cdot\left(x-2\right)\cdot\left(x-3-x-1\right)\)
\(=2\cdot\left(x-1\right)\cdot\left(x-2\right)^2\)
1. Rút gọn biểu thức:
a. (2x-3)(4x2+6x+9)-2x(4x2-1)
b.(x+y)2+2(x+y)(x-y)+(x-y)2
2.Phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a. 2x2y+4xy+2y c. x2-8x+7
b.9x2+6xy-4z2+y2 d. x3+4x2+x-6
1b.=2((x+y)+(x+y)(x-y)+(x-y))=2(x2-y2+x+y+x-y)=2(x2-y2+2x)=2x2-2y2+4x
2a.=4xy+4xy+2y=8xy+2y=2y(4x+1)
b.=(3x)2+2.3x.y+y2-(2z)2=(3x+y)2-(2z)2=(3x+y-2z)(3x+y+2z)
c.=x2-x-7x+7=x(x-1)-7(x-1)=(x-1)(x-7)
\(\left(x+y\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+y+x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x\right)^2\)
\(=4x^2\)
hk tốt
^^