Bài 1:

có: a + b - 2c = 0

⇒ a = 2c − b thay vào a² + b² + ab - 3c² = 0 ta có:

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Vậy 

\(2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{b+c}+\frac{4}{c+a}\) ( Svac-xơ, Cauchy các kiểu -,- ) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{b+c}+\frac{4}{c+a}}{2}=\frac{2}{a+b}+\frac{2}{b+c}+\frac{2}{c+a}\) ( đpcm ) 

... 

\(2VP=\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{b+c}+\frac{4}{c+a}\)

\(\le\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}=2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=2VT\)

Từ đây,ta có: \(2VT\ge2VP\Rightarrow VT\ge VP^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)

ta có \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)

Bất đẳng thức chứng minh tương đương với:

\(\frac{a^2b}{2+a^2b}+\frac{b^2c}{2+b^2c}+\frac{c^2a}{2+c^2a}\le1\)

Áp dụng Cô-si ta có:

\(2+a^2b=1+1+a^2b\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2b}{2+a^2b}\le\frac{1}{3}\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\le\frac{2a^2+b^2}{9}\)

CHưng minh tương tự ta có:

\(\frac{b^2c}{2+b^2c}\le\frac{2b^2+c^2}{9},\frac{c^2a}{2+c^2a}\le\frac{2c^2+a^2}{9}\)

Cộng là ta có \(đpcm.\)

Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

AM-GM ngược 

Áp dụng Holder:

\(24VT=\left(1+1+1+1+1+1\right)\left(a^3+a^3+c^3+c^3+b^3+b^3\right)\left(\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)\ge\left(\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\right)^3\)

Mà \(\left(\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\right)^2\ge36\)( AM-GM)

\(24VT\ge36\left(\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\right)\Leftrightarrow VT\ge VF\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c . 

P/s: BĐT holder: \(\left(a_1^n+a^n_2+...a_3^n\right)\left(b_1^n+b_2^n+...b_n^n\right)...\left(z_1^n+z_2^n+...z_n^n\right)\ge\left(a_1.b_1..z_1+a_2.b_2..z_2+...+a_n.b_n.z_n\right)^n\)

Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b}=\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{b+c}=\dfrac{4}{b+c}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{c+a}=\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)

Cộng theo vế và rút gọn suy ra đpcm

\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:

\(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{1+c}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{3+a+b+c+}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Cái đó chỉ đúng khi 1/1+a=1/1+b=1/1+c thoi

Nếu \(z_1=a+bi\) là nghiệm thì \(z_2=a-bi\) cũng là nghiệm, do đó \(1-i\) cũng là nghiệm

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-a=z_1+z_2=2\\b=z_1z_2=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-2\\b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a-b=-4\)