Tu \(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\)

Hay \(\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{c}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Thay vao M ta co: \(M=\dfrac{a\cdot a+a\cdot a+a\cdot a}{a^2+a^2+a^2}=\dfrac{2019}{2019}=\dfrac{2018}{2018}=\dfrac{2017}{2017}=\dfrac{2016}{2015+1}=1\)

Ta có \(\dfrac{a}{2009}\)=\(\dfrac{b}{2010}\)=\(\dfrac{c}{2011}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{2009}=\dfrac{b}{2010}=\dfrac{c}{2011}=\dfrac{c-a}{2011-2009}=\dfrac{c-a}{2}\left(1\right)\)

\(\dfrac{a}{2009}=\dfrac{b}{2010}=\dfrac{c}{2011}=\dfrac{a-b}{2009-2010}=\dfrac{a-b}{-1}\)(2)\(\dfrac{a}{2009}=\dfrac{b}{2010}=\dfrac{c}{2011}=\dfrac{b-c}{2010-2011}=\dfrac{b-c}{-1}\left(3\right)\)

Từ (1),(2),(3) \(_{\Rightarrow}\)\(\dfrac{c-a}{2}=\dfrac{a-b}{-1}=\dfrac{b-c}{-1}\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)^{ }2}{2^{ }2}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)}{-1}\times\dfrac{\left(b-c\right)}{-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\times\left(b-c\right)}{1}\Rightarrow4\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right)=\left(a-c\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow M=4\left(a-b\right).\left(a-c\right)-\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

Vậy M = 0

đặt \(\dfrac{a}{2009}=\dfrac{b}{2010}=\dfrac{c}{2011}=k\) ta có:

\(\Rightarrow a=2009k\left(1\right)\\ \Rightarrow b=2010k\left(2\right)\\ \Rightarrow c=2011k\left(3\right)\)

thay 1;2;3 vào M ta có:

\(M=4\left(2009k-2010k\right)\left(2010k-2011k\right)-\left(2011k-2009k\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow M=4.\left(-k\right)\left(-k\right)-\left(2k\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow M=4k^2-\left(2k\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow M=\left(2k\right)^2-\left(2k\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow M=0\)Vậy M = 0

TH1: \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\a+c=-b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P=\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{b}.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)}{a}.\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)}{c}=\dfrac{-a}{b}.\dfrac{-c}{a}.\dfrac{-b}{c}=-1\)

TH2: \(a+b+c\ne0\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\dfrac{a-b+c}{2b}=\dfrac{c-a+b}{2a}=\dfrac{a-c+b}{2c}=\dfrac{a-b+c+c-a+b+a-c+b}{2b+2a+2c}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a-b+c}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{c-a+b}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{a-c+b}{2c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+c=2b\\c+b=2a\\a+b=2c\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)

a, ĐKXĐ: x≠±3

A=\(\left(\dfrac{3-x}{x+3}.\dfrac{x^2+6x+9}{x^2-9}+\dfrac{x}{x+3}\right):\dfrac{3x^2}{x+3}\)

A=\(\left(\dfrac{3-x}{x+3}.\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)^2}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}+\dfrac{x}{x+3}\right):\dfrac{3x^2}{x+3}\)

A=\(\left(\dfrac{3-x}{x-3}+\dfrac{x}{x+3}\right):\dfrac{3x^2}{x+3}\)

A=\(\left(\dfrac{9-x^2}{x^2-9}+\dfrac{x^2-3x}{x^2-9}\right):\dfrac{3x^2}{x+3}\)

A=\(\left(\dfrac{-3}{x+3}\right):\dfrac{3x^2}{x+3}\)

A=\(\dfrac{-1}{x^2}\)

b, Thay x=\(-\dfrac{1}{2}\) (TMĐKXĐ) vào A ta có:

\(\dfrac{-1}{\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2}\)=-4

c, A<0 ⇔ \(\dfrac{-1}{x^2}< 0\) ⇔ x²>0 (Đúng với mọi x)

Vậy để A<0 thì x đúng với mọi giá trị (trừ ±3)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :

\(\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{a+c}=\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+a+c+a+b}=\frac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{1}{2}\\\frac{b}{a+c}=\frac{1}{2}\\\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}b+c=2a\\a+c=2b\\a+b=2c\end{cases}}}\)

Thay vào biểu thức A ta có :

\(A=\frac{2a}{a}+\frac{2b}{b}+\frac{2c}{c}=2+2+2=6\)

Vậy..........