\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}-\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+bc\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}-\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)+ca\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{bc\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{ca\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab\left(a^2-b^2\right)+bc\left(b^2-c^2\right)+ca\left(c^2-a^2\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{matrix}\right.\) hay tam giác cân

\(A=\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b-c+b+c-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{2b}\ge\dfrac{2}{b}\\\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c-a+c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{2c}\ge\dfrac{2}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b-c+c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{2a}\ge\dfrac{2}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\right)\ge\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\) \(dấu"="xảy\) \(ra\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

a/ \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^4}{a^3+a^2b+ab^2}+\dfrac{b^4}{b^3+b^2c+bc^2}+\dfrac{c^4}{c^3+ac^2+ca^2}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+b\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+c\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}\)

b/ \(\dfrac{a^3}{bc}+\dfrac{b^3}{ac}+\dfrac{c^3}{ab}=\dfrac{a^4}{abc}+\dfrac{b^4}{abc}+\dfrac{c^4}{abc}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3abc}=\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)

b)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy Shwarz, ta có:

\(\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\le a^2+b^2+c^2\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy Shwarz dạng Engel, ta có:

\(\dfrac{a^3}{bc}+\dfrac{b^3}{ac}+\dfrac{c^3}{bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3abc}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{9}}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\times\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a+b+c}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c.

Tham khảo