x^40+2.x^20+9 = [x^20 +3]^2 - 4x^20 = [x^20+3]^2 -[2x^10]^2 = [x^20-2x^10+3].[x^20+2x^10+3]

x^12+x^6+1 = x^12 + 2x^6 +1 - x^6 = [x^6 +1]^2 -[x^3]^2 = [x^6 -x^3 +1].[x^6+x^3+1]

x^16+x^8+1 =[x^8+1]^2 - [x^4]^2 = [x^8-x^4+1].[x^8+x^4+1]

x^4+x^2+1 = x^4+2x^2+1 - x^2 = [x^2+1]^2-x^2 = [x^2-x+1].[x^2+x+1]

\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2+2x\right)^2+9\left(x^2+2x\right)+20=\left(x^2+2x\right)^2+4\left(x^2+2x\right)+5\cdot\left(x^2+2x\right)+20=\left(x^2+2x\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)+5\left(x^2+2x+4\right)=\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\left(x^2+2x+5\right)\)

\(\left(x^2+2x\right)^2+4\left(x^2+2x\right)+5\left(x^2+2x\right)+20\)

\(=\left(x^2+2x\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)+5\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2+2x+5\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\)

(x2+2x)+9x2+18x+20

=(x2+2x)+9(x2+2x)+20

Đặt t=x2+2x đc:

t+9t+20=10t+20=10(t+2)

Thay t=x2+2x vào đc:

10(x2+2x+2)

a) x³-2x²-x+2

=x(x²-1)+2(-x²+1)

=x(x²-1)-2(x²-1)

=(x²-1)(x-2)

b)

x²+6x-y²+9

=x²+6x+9-y²

=(x+3)²-y²

^{=(x+3-y)(x+3+y)}

c ) =x²-x-9x+9

=x(x-1)-9(x-1)

=(x-1)(x-9)

\(\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\left(x^2-9x+20\right)-40=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-4\right)\left(x-5\right)-40\)

\(=\left(x^2-6x+5\right)\left(x^2-6x+8\right)-40\)
Đặt \(t=x^2-6x+5\) thì ta có \(t\left(t+3\right)-40=t^2+3t-40=\left(t+8\right)\left(t-5\right)\)

Suy ra \(\left(x^2-6x+5\right)\left(x^2-6x+8\right)-40=\left(x^2-6x+13\right)\left(x^2-6x\right)=x\left(x-6\right)\left(x^2-6x+13\right)\) 

b) 4x2 – 9 + (2x + 3)2

= (4x2 - 9) + (2x + 3)2

= (2x + 3)(2x - 3) + (2x + 3)2

= (2x + 3)(2x - 3 + 2x + 3)

= 4x(2x + 3)

\(=\left(x^2+2x\right)^2+9\left(x^2+2x\right)+20\)

\(=\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\left(x^2+2x+5\right)\)

\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)+\left(x-3\right)\left(2x-5\right)\\ =\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3+2x-5\right)\\ =\left(x-3\right)\left(3x-2\right)\)

\(x^2-9-\left(x-3\right)\left(5-2x\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)-\left(x-3\right)\left(5-2x\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3-5+2x\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(3x-2\right)\)

\(x^2-9-\left(x-3\right)\left(5-2x\right)\\ =\left(x^2-9\right)-\left(x-3\right)\left(5-2x\right)\\ =\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)-\left(x-3\right)\left(5-2x\right)\\ =\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3-5+2x\right)\\ =\left(x-3\right)\left(3x-2\right)\)