Bài 10:

- Giả sử có 100 gam dd H₂SO₄ 98%

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.98}{100}=98\left(g\right)\) => \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{98}{98}=1\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{dd.H_2SO_4.98\%}=\dfrac{100}{1,84}=\dfrac{1250}{23}\left(ml\right)=\dfrac{5}{92}\left(l\right)\)

\(C_{M\left(dd.H_2SO_4.98\%\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{5}{92}}=18,4M\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=18,4.0,05=0,92\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,92.98=90,16\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{dd.H_2SO_4.10\%}=\dfrac{90,16.100}{10}=901,6\left(g\right)\)

Bài 11:

a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau

=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)

Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ --> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

             a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a

            Zn + H₂SO₄ --> ZnSO₄ + H₂

             b----->b--------->b----->b

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> 171a = 161b 

=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)

Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)

b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)

(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)

=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)

Tham khảo

Ta có pthh

2Al + 3H2SO4  Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 (1)

Mg + H2SO4  MgSO4 + H2 (2)

Theo đề bài ta có

VH2=1568 ml =1,568 l

-> nH2=

mdd(sau-phan-ung) = mhh + mddH2SO4 - mH2 = 1,41 +350 - (0,07.2)=351,27 g

Theo pthh 1

nAl2(SO4)3=1/2nAl=1/2.0,03=0,015 mol

->mAl2(SO4)3=0,015.342=5,13 g

Theo pthh 2

nMgSO4=nMg=0,025 mol

->mMgSO4=0,025.120=3g

 C%3351,27.100%≈0,854%

\(a,m_{rắn}=m_{Cu}=2,7\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{\left(Zn,Fe\right)}=12-2,7=9,3\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right),n_{axit}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\Rightarrow axit.dư\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65+56b=9,3\\a+b=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{2,7}{12}.100=22,5\%\\ \%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{12}.100\approx54,167\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,05.56}{12}.100\approx23,333\%\)

\(b,ddA:FeCl_2,ZnCl_2,H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)\\ m_{ddH_2SO_4}=200.1,14=228\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddA}=m_{\left(Zn,Fe\right)}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=9,3+228-0,15.2=237\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{ddZnCl_2}=\dfrac{136.0,1}{237}.100\approx5,738\%\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{127.0,05}{237}.100\approx2,679\%\\ C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0,4-0,15\right).98}{237}.100\approx10,338\%\)

Đã sửa lần cuối lúc 20:45

yên tâm t đg lm t ko lm cx có ng lm à

1) Ptpư:

2Al   +  6HCl \(\rightarrow\) 2AlCl₃    +  3H₂

Fe    + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl₂   + H₂

Cu   +  HCl \(\rightarrow\) không phản ứng

=> 0,6 gam chất rắn còn lại chính là Cu:

Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol Al, Fe

Ta có:

3x + 2y = 2.0,06 = 0,12

27x + 56 y = 2,25 – 0,6 = 1,65

=> x = 0,03 (mol) ; y = 0,015 (mol)

=> \(\%Cu=\frac{0,6}{2,25}.100\%=26,67\%\); \(\%Fe=\frac{56.0,015}{2,25}.100\%=37,33\%\); %Al = 36%

2) \(n_{SO_2}=\frac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06mol\); m _{(dd KOH)} = 13,95.1,147 = 16 (gam)

=> m_KOH = 0,28.16 = 4,48 (gam)=> n_KOH = 0,08 (mol)=> \(1<\)\(\frac{n_{KOH}}{n_{SO_2}}<2\)

=> tạo ra hỗn hợp 2 muối: KHSO₃:  0,04 (mol)  và K₂SO₃:  0,02 (mol)

Khối lượng dung dịch sau pu = 16 + 0,06.64 = 19,84 gam

=> \(C\%\left(KHSO_3\right)=\frac{0,04.120}{19,84}.100\%\)\(=24,19\%\)

\(C\%\left(K_2SO_3\right)=\frac{0,02.158}{19,84}.100\%\)\(=15,93\%\)