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Bài 1:
$(y+\frac{1}{3})+(y+\frac{1}{9})+(y+\frac{1}{27})+(y+\frac{1}{81})=\frac{56}{81}$

$(y+y+y+y)+(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{27}+\frac{1}{81})=\frac{56}{81}$
$4\times y+\frac{40}{81}=\frac{56}{81}$

$4\times y=\frac{56}{81}-\frac{40}{81}=\frac{16}{81}$
$y=\frac{16}{81}:4=\frac{4}{81}$

Bài 2:

$18: \frac{x\times 0,4+0,32}{x}+5=14$

$18: \frac{x\times 0,4+0,32}{x}=14-5=9$

$\frac{x\times 0,4+0,32}{x}=18:9=2$

$x\times 0,4+0,32=2\times x$

$2\times x-x\times 0,4=0,32$

$x\times (2-0,4)=0,32$
$x\times 1,6=0,32$
$x=0,32:1,6=0,2$

Bài 3:

$\frac{3\times x}{2}=\frac{2}{5}+x+\frac{1}{3}$

$1,5\times x=x+\frac{11}{15}$

$1,5\times x-x=\frac{11}{15}$

$x\times (1,5-1)=\frac{11}{15}$

$x\times 0,5=\frac{11}{15}$

$x=\frac{11}{15}: 0,5=\frac{22}{15}$

\(\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{3}{y}+\dfrac{1}{18}\left(y\ne0\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2xy}{18y}=\dfrac{54}{18y}+\dfrac{y}{18y}\)

\(\Rightarrow2xy=54+y\)

\(\Rightarrow2xy-y=54\)

\(\Rightarrow xy-\dfrac{y}{2}=27\)

\(\Rightarrow y\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=27\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right);y\in\left\{1;3;9;27\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x;\right)y\in\left\{\left(\dfrac{1}{2};27\right);\left(\dfrac{5}{2};9\right);\left(\dfrac{17}{2};3\right);\left(\dfrac{53}{2};1\right)\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)\in\varnothing\left(x;y\inℕ\right)\)

\(\dfrac{x}{9}-\dfrac{3}{y}=\dfrac{1}{18}\left(ĐKXĐ:y\ne0\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy-27}{9y}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Rightarrow18\left(xy-27\right)=9y\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(xy-27\right)=y\)

\(\Rightarrow2xy-54=y\)

\(\Rightarrow2xy-y=54\Rightarrow y\left(2x-1\right)=54\)

\(\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{54}{2x-1}\)

- Suy ra 54 chia hết cho 2x - 1

\(\Rightarrow2x-1\inƯ\left(54\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow2x-1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;3;-3;9;-9;27;-27\right\}\)

Cho 2x - 1 bằng từng giá trị ở trên, ta tìm được :

 \(x\in\left\{1;0;\dfrac{3}{2};-\dfrac{1}{2};2;-1;5;-4;14;-13\right\}\). Mà x không có giá trị ngoài tập số nguyên.

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-13;-4;-1;0;1;2;5;14\right\}\)

Thay các giá trị x trên vừa tìm được vào y :

\(\Rightarrow y\in\left\{54;-54;18;-18;6;-6;2;-2\right\}\)

Vậy : Các số x và y thỏa mãn đề bài là : \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;54\right),\left(0;-54\right),\left(2;18\right),\left(-1;-18\right),\left(5;6\right),\left(-4;-6\right),\left(14;2\right),\left(-13;-2\right)\right\}\)

b)3x+1/18+2y/12=2/9 và x-y=1

2(3x+1)/18x2+2y x 3/12x3=2x4/9x4

6x+2+6y=8

6x+6y=8-2=6

6(x+y)=6

x+y=6:6=1(1)

theo đề bài ta có:x-y=1 suy ra x=y+1

thay x=y+1 vào (1)

y+1+y=1

2y=1-1=0

y=0:2=0

x=0+1=1

xong rồi câu a) ko biết làm

a) <=> \(\dfrac{x-1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{1}{y+2}\Leftrightarrow x-1+2=\dfrac{9}{y+2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{9}{y+2}-1\) với mỗi giá trị của y khác -2 luôn tìm được x

từ và x-y =1 áp cho cả câu (a) thì

\(x-y=1=>x+1=y+2\)

\(y+2=\dfrac{9}{y+2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y\ne-2\\\left(y+2\right)^2=9\end{matrix}\right.\)

y+2 = 3 => y = 1 =>x=2

y+2 =-3 => y =-5=> x=-4

2) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{1+2y}{18}=\dfrac{1+6y}{6x}=\dfrac{1+2y+1+6y}{18+6x}=\dfrac{2\left(1+4y\right)}{2\left(9+3x\right)}=\dfrac{1+4y}{9+3x}\)

⇒ \(\dfrac{1+4y}{9+3x}=\dfrac{1+4y}{28}\)

⇒\(9+3x=28\)

⇒\(3x=19\)

⇒\(x=\dfrac{19}{3}\)

bạn thay vào là tìm được y

a) \(\dfrac{-5}{6}.\dfrac{120}{25}< x< \dfrac{-7}{15}.\dfrac{9}{14}\)

\(\Rightarrow-4< x< \dfrac{-3}{10}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-40}{10}< x< \dfrac{-3}{10}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{\dfrac{-39}{10};\dfrac{-38}{10};\dfrac{-37}{10};...;\dfrac{-5}{10};\dfrac{-4}{10}\right\}\)

b) \(\left(\dfrac{-5}{3}\right)^2< x< \dfrac{-24}{35}.\dfrac{-5}{6}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{25}{9}< x< \dfrac{4}{7}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{175}{63}< x< \dfrac{36}{63}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\varnothing\)

c) \(\dfrac{1}{18}< \dfrac{x}{12}< \dfrac{y}{9}< \dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{36}< \dfrac{3x}{36}< \dfrac{4y}{36}< \dfrac{9}{36}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{1;2\right\}\)

+) Với \(x=1\)

\(\Rightarrow y\in\left\{1;2\right\}\)

+) Với \(x=2\)

\(\Rightarrow y=2\)

Vậy \(x=1\) thì \(y\in\left\{1;2\right\}\); \(x=2\) thì \(y=8\).

\(\dfrac{3}{5}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{8}{15}\\ =\dfrac{3\times6}{5\times6}+\dfrac{1\times15}{2\times15}+\dfrac{8\times2}{15\times2}\\ =\dfrac{18}{30}+\dfrac{15}{30}+\dfrac{16}{30}\\ =\dfrac{49}{30}\\ \dfrac{6}{9}+\dfrac{14}{18}-\dfrac{5}{6}\\ =\dfrac{6\times2}{9\times2}+\dfrac{14}{18}-\dfrac{5\times3}{6\times3}\\ =\dfrac{12}{18}+\dfrac{14}{18}-\dfrac{15}{18}\\ =\dfrac{11}{18}\)

\(\dfrac{9}{20}-\dfrac{3}{5}:\dfrac{4}{1}\\ =\dfrac{9}{20}-\dfrac{3}{5}\times\dfrac{1}{4}\\ =\dfrac{9}{20}-\dfrac{3}{20}\\ =\dfrac{6}{20}\\ =\dfrac{3}{10}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{2}{3}\times\dfrac{8}{9}\\=\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{16}{27}\\ =\dfrac{1\times9}{6\times9}+\dfrac{16\times2}{27\times2}\\ =\dfrac{9}{54}+\dfrac{32}{54}\\ =\dfrac{41}{54}.\)