Áp dụng BĐT BSC:

\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{9}{c}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{36}{1}=36\)

\(minP=36\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{6}\\b=\dfrac{1}{3}\\c=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Áp dụng bđt Svácxơ, ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)

Áp dụng, thay vào A, ta có: 

\(A\le\text{Σ}\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)

\(\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "="⇔\(a=b=c=1\)

= chịu

Toán lớp 9

Lời giải:

a, \(A=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+cb}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=1,5\) (AM-GM với a,b,c\(>0\))

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Chú ý: bn cx có thể cm: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)để suy ra

b, \(B=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{a+c}{b}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b}{c}\)

\(\ge6\sqrt[6]{\dfrac{a}{b+c}.\dfrac{b+c}{a}.\dfrac{b}{a+c}.\dfrac{a+c}{b}.\dfrac{c}{a+b}.\dfrac{a+b}{c}}=6\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Chú ý: bn cx có thể nhóm tổng trên thanh ba nhóm, mỗi nhóm hai hạng tử

a)Đặt \(A=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)

\(A+3=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{c+a}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b}\)

\(A+3=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge\dfrac{9\left(a+b+c\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow MINA=\dfrac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Hi vọng là tìm GTLN:

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử b, c cùng phía với 1 \(\Rightarrow\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow bc\ge b+c-1\).

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có: 

\(4=a^2+b^2+c^2+abc\ge a^2+2bc+abc\Leftrightarrow2bc+abc\le4-a^2\Leftrightarrow bc\left(a+2\right)\le\left(2-a\right)\left(a+2\right)\Leftrightarrow bc+a\le2\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le3\).

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Schwarz ta có:

\(P\le\dfrac{ab}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}\right)+\dfrac{bc}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)+\dfrac{ca}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}.3\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\le1\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1.

Ta có: P= \(2a+3b+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}\) = \(\text{​​}\text{​​}(\dfrac{1}{a}+a)+\left(\dfrac{4}{b}+b\right)+\left(a+2b\right)\)

Ta thấy: \(\text{​​}\text{​​}(\dfrac{1}{a}+a)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}\cdot a}=2\)

             \(\text{​​}\text{​​}\left(\dfrac{4}{b}+b\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{b}\cdot b}=4\)

Do đó: P \(\ge2+4+5=11\)

Vậy: P(min)=11  khi:  \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=a\\\dfrac{4}{b}=b\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=2\end{matrix}\right..\)

Áp dụng BĐT Holder:

\(\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\right)^2\left[a^2\left(b+c\right)^2+b^2\left(c+a\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b\right)^2\right]\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3\)

Mặt khác:

\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge3\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+abc\left(a+b+c\right)\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left[a^2\left(b+c\right)^2+b^2\left(c+a\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b\right)^2\right]\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+1}}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}}=x>0\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3x}{2}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{3x^2+1}}\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh \(P\ge\dfrac{7}{2}\)

Thật vậy, với \(x\ge\dfrac{7}{3}\Rightarrow P>\dfrac{3x}{2}\ge\dfrac{7}{2}\) (đúng)

Với \(0< x\le\dfrac{7}{3}\) ta cần chứng minh:

\(\dfrac{3x}{2}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{3x^2+1}}\ge\dfrac{7}{2}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{3x^2+1}}\ge\dfrac{7-3x}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow64\ge\left(7-3x\right)^2\left(3x^2+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-1\right)^2\left(-9x^2+24x+5\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2\left[3x\left(7-3x\right)+3x+5\right]\ge0\) (đúng)

Vậy \(P_{min}=\dfrac{7}{2}\) khi \(x=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)