\(\dfrac{1}{a+b-x}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{x}\\ ĐKXĐ:x\ne0;x\ne-\left(a+b\right)\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b-x}+\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{x\left(a+b-x\right)}+\dfrac{a+b-x}{x\left(a+b-x\right)}=\dfrac{b}{ab}+\dfrac{a}{ab}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x+a+b-x}{x\left(a+b-x\right)}=\dfrac{b+a}{ab}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{x\left(a+b-x\right)}=\dfrac{b+a}{ab}\)

+) Với \(a\ne-b\Rightarrow x\left(a+b-x\right)=ab\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ax+bx-x^2=ab\\ \Leftrightarrow ax-x^2=ab-bx\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left(a-x\right)=b\left(a-x\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left(a-x\right)-b\left(a-x\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-b\right)\left(a-x\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-b=0\\x-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=b\\x=a\end{matrix}\right.\)

Khi đó : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\ne0\\a\ne-\left(a+b\right)\\b\ne0\\b\ne-\left(a+b\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\ne0\\a\ne-a-b\\b\ne0\\b\ne-a-b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\ne0\\2a\ne-b\\b\ne0\\2b\ne-a\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\ne0\\a\ne-\dfrac{b}{2}\\b\ne0\\b\ne-\dfrac{a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

+) Với \(a=-b\Rightarrow0=0\left(nghiệm\text{ }đúng\text{ }\forall x\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow S=R\)

Vậy với \(a\ne-b;a\ne0;b\ne0;a\ne-\dfrac{b}{2};b\ne-\dfrac{a}{2}\), pt có 2 nghiệm \(x=b;x=a\)

Với \(a=-b\), pt vô số nghiệm

\(\frac{x-a+1}{x-a}-\frac{x-b+1}{x-b}=\frac{a}{\left(x-a\right)\left(x-b\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-bx-ax+ab+x-b-x^2+ax+bx-ab-x+a-a}{\left(x-a\right)\left(x-b\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow b=0\) (Vô lí)

Vậy phương trình vô nghiệm .

p/s: ai check hộ mình đi :((

Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(b-c\right)\left(1+a\right)^2=m\\\left(c-a\right)\left(1+b\right)^2=n\\\left(a-b\right)\left(1+c\right)^2=p\end{cases}}\)
khi đó pt đã cho có dạng \(\frac{m}{x+a^2}+\frac{n}{x+b^2}+\frac{p}{x+c^2}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow m\left(x+a^2\right)\left(x+b^2\right)+n\left(x+a^2\right)\left(x+c^2\right)+p\left(x+b^2\right)\left(x+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2\left(m+n+p\right)+x\left(m\left(a^2+b^2\right)+p\left(b^2+c^2\right)+n\left(c^2+a^2\right)\right)=0\)
Đến đây biện luận thôi ~~
Tớ làm hơi tắt đấy. 

\(\frac{ax-b}{a}+(a+b+1)x>\frac{2b}{a}\)

<=> \(x-\frac{b}{a}+\left(a+b+1\right)x>\frac{2b}{a}\)

<=> \(\left(a+b+2\right)x>\frac{3b}{a}\)

Giờ biện luận theo  a và b thôi