a) 2012 = ( 200 + 1 )2
= 2002 + 400 + 1 =40000 + 400 + 1
= 40401
b) 992 = ( 100 - 1 )2
= 1002 - 200 + 1 = 10000 - 200 + 1
= 9801
c) 48.52
= ( 50 - 2 )( 50 + 2 )
= 502 - 22 = 2500 - 4
= 2496
d) 322 + 682 + 68.64
= 322 + 682 + 68.2.32
= ( 32 + 68 )2
= 1002 = 10000
e) 862 + 362 - 72.86
= 862 - 2.36.86 + 362
= ( 86 - 36 )2
= 502 = 2500