<=> \(\left(x^3+3x^2a+3xa^2+a^3\right)-3bc\left(x+a\right)+b^3+c^3=0\)<=>\(\left(x+a\right)^3-3bc\left(x+a\right)+\left(b+c\right)^3-3bc\left(b+c\right)=0\)<=>
\(\left(x+a\right)^3+\left(b+c\right)^3-3bc\left(x+a+b+c\right)=0\)<=>
(x+a+b+c)[ (x+a)2 +(b+c)2 -(x+a)(b+c) -3bc]=0 <=> x+a+b+c=0 hoặc x2 + x(2a-b-c) + a2+ (b+c)2 -a(b+c)-3bc=0
<=> x= -a-b-c hoặc x2 + x(2a-b-c) + a2+ (b+c)2 -a(b+c)-3bc=0 (1)
\(\Delta=\left(2a-b-c\right)^2-4\left[a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2-a\left(b+c\right)-3bc\right]=\)\(4a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2-4a\left(b+c\right)-4a^2-4\left(b+c\right)^2+4a\left(b+c\right)\)\(+12bc=12bc-3\left(b+c\right)^2=-3\left(b-c\right)^2\le0\)
để (1) có nghiệm thì b-c=0 => \(\Delta=0\) => x = \(-\frac{2a-b-c}{2}=-a-b\)
kết luận
với b-c \(\ne0\) pt có 2 nghiệm x=-a-b-c
b-c=0 pt có 2 nghiệm x=-a-b-c và x=-a-b
