M = 3a2x2 + 4b2x2 - 2a2x2 - 3b2x2 + 19
= x2(3a2+4b2-2a2-3b2)+19
= x2(a2+b2)+19
do (a2+b2) ≥ 0∀a;b
x2 ≥ 0∀ x
=> x2(a2+b2) ≥ 0∀ x;a;b
=> x2(a2+b2)+19 ≥ 19
=> M ≥ 19
=> GTNN M=19 dấu "=" xảy ra khi
* a2+b2=0
=> a=b=0
* x2=0
=> x=0
vậy GTNN M =19 khi x=a=b=0