\(1.P=\dfrac{a+4\sqrt{a}+4}{\sqrt{a}+2}+\dfrac{4-a}{2-\sqrt{a}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)^2}{\sqrt{a}+2}+\dfrac{\left(2-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(2+\sqrt{a}\right)}{2-\sqrt{a}}=\sqrt{a}+2+2+\sqrt{a}=4+2\sqrt{a}\left(a\ge0;a\ne4\right)\)
\(2.P=a+1\Leftrightarrow4+2\sqrt{a}=a+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-2\sqrt{a}-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+\sqrt{a}-3\sqrt{a}-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=9\left(TM\right)\)
KL.............