§1. Bất đẳng thức

\(\dfrac{4}{3}y=\dfrac{4x+\dfrac{8}{3}}{\sqrt{2x+1}+1}=\dfrac{4x+2+\dfrac{2}{3}}{\sqrt{2x+1}+1}\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{4}{3}y=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2x+1}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x+1}-1\right)+\dfrac{2}{3}}{\sqrt{2x+1}+1}=\sqrt{2x+1}-1+\dfrac{2}{\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2x+1}+1}}\)\(\dfrac{4}{3}y=\sqrt{2x+1}+1+\dfrac{2}{\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2x+1}+1}}-2\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:

\(\sqrt{2x+1}+1+\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{3}}{\sqrt{2x+1}+1}>=2\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{4}{3}y>=2\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}-2\Rightarrow y>=\dfrac{2\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}-2}{4}\)

Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)x=\(\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{3}-2\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}}{2}\)(có thể tính sai)

Cho x ;y không âm thỏa \(xy+x+y=8\). Tìm max \(x^2+y^2\).

Vì x; y không âm nên ta có ngay \(xy\ge0\) \(\Rightarrow8\ge x+y\)

\(x^2+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\le64\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi (x;y) = (8;0); (0;8)

\(x^2+y^2\\ =\dfrac{1}{3}\left(x^2+4+y^2+4\right)+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(x^2+y^2\right)-\dfrac{8}{3}\\ \ge\dfrac{4}{3}\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)-\dfrac{8}{3}=8\)

Vây Min A = 8 khi x=y=2

Đành giải tạm bằng nick này vì sợ một vài thành phần trẻ trâu anti phá phách :poor:

Phân tích và giải

Dễ thấy: Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=1\)

\(\Rightarrow L=Σ\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\text{ và }F=-\dfrac{4}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Khi đó \(VT=L-F=\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

Ta sẽ chia làm 2 bước cm:

B1: \(Σ\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\). Ta xét BĐT :

\(\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{a}{a^2+2a+1}\le\dfrac{3\left(a^{2k}+a^k\right)}{8\left(a^{2k}+a^k+1\right)}\) (cần tìm \(k\) thỏa mãn)

\(\Leftrightarrow8a\left(a^{2k}+a^k+1\right)-3\left(a^{2k}+a^k\right)\left(a^2+2a+1\right)\le0\)\(\Leftrightarrow f\left(a\right)=-3a^{2k}+2a^{k+1}-3a^{k+2}+2a^{2k+1}-3a^{2k+2}-3a^k+8a\)

\(\Rightarrow f'\left(a\right)=2k\cdot-3a^{2k-1}+\left(k+1\right)2a^k-\left(k+2\right)3a^{k+1}+\left(2k+1\right)2a^{2k}-\left(2k+2\right)3a^{2k+1}-k\cdot3a^{k-1}+8a\)

\(\Rightarrow f'\left(1\right)=0\Rightarrow-12k=0\Rightarrow k=0\)

Hay BĐT phụ cần tìm là \(\dfrac{a}{a^2+2a+1}\le\dfrac{3\left(a^{2\cdot0}+a^0\right)}{8\left(a^{2\cdot0}+a^0+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\) (bài này \(k\) đẹp ra luôn \(\farac{1}{4}\) cộng vào là ok =))

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{4\left(a+1\right)^2}\le0\) *Đúng* \(\RightarrowΣ\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}\leΣ\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

B2: CM \(-\dfrac{4}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\le-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Tự cm nhé Goodluck :v

đây là hệ số bất định

Một lời giải sơ cấp:

Đổi \(\left(a;b;c\right)\rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y};\dfrac{y}{z};\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\).BDT cần chứng minh tương đương:

\(\sum\dfrac{xy}{\left(x+y\right)^2}-\dfrac{4xyz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\dfrac{3}{4}-\sum\dfrac{xy}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\right]+\left[\dfrac{4xyz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right]\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left[\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{xy}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\right]-\dfrac{\sum\left(x^2+y^2\right)z-6xyz}{2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{4\left(x+y\right)^2}-\dfrac{\sum z\left(x-y\right)^2}{2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(x-y\right)^2\left[\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+y\right)^2}-\dfrac{z}{2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\right]\ge0\)

hay \(S_a\left(y-z\right)^2+S_b\left(z-x\right)^2+S_c\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(*)

với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}S_a=\dfrac{1}{4\left(y+z\right)^2}-\dfrac{x}{2\prod\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}{4\left(y+z\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\\S_b=\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+z\right)^2}-\dfrac{y}{2\prod\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}{4\left(x+z\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\\S_c=\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+y\right)^2}-\dfrac{z}{2\prod\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}{4\left(x+y\right)^2\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Dễ thấy \(S_a;S_b;S_c\) không phải là luôn không âm.Giả sử \(x=max\left\{x;y;z\right\}\).

Từ đó suy ra \(S_a\ge0\).Xét \(S_b+S_c=\dfrac{\left(y-z\right)^2}{4\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x+z\right)^2}\ge0,\forall x;y;z>0\)

Do đó \(VT=S_a\left(x-y\right)^2+\left[S_b\left(z-x\right)^2+S_c\left(x-y\right)^2\right]\ge0\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh \(S_b\left(z-x\right)^2+S_c\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) với \(S_b+S_c\ge0\)

và điều này đúng hay không e không biết, quan trọng là .. Chúc Mừng Năm Mới !!

Giải:

Ta có: \(x^2+y^2\le2x+4y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2-2x-4y\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)\le5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2\le5\)

Mặt \(\ne\): \(A=2x+y=2x-2+y-2+4=2\left(x-1\right)+y-2+4\)

\(\Rightarrow A-4=2\left(x-1\right)+y-2\)

Áp dụng Bunhia có:

\(\left(A-4\right)^2=\left[2\left(x-1\right)+y-2\right]^2\le\left(2^2+1^2\right)\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2\right]\le25\)

\(\Rightarrow-5\le A-4\)

\(\Rightarrow A\ge-1\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ribi Nkok Ngok, Ngô Tấn Đạt, Dark Bang Silent, Akai Haruma,...

Từ \(xyzt=1\) ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x^3\left(yz+zt+ty\right)}=\dfrac{xyzt}{x^3\left(yz+zt+ty\right)}=\dfrac{yzt}{x^2\left(yz+zt+ty\right)}\)

Đánh giá tương tự ta có:

\(pt\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{yzt}{x^2\left(yz+zt+ty\right)}+\dfrac{xzt}{y^2\left(xz+zt+tx\right)}+\dfrac{xyt}{z^2\left(xy+yt+tx\right)}+\dfrac{xyz}{t^2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge3\left(yzt+xzt+xyt+xyz\right)=3yzt+3xzt+3xyt+3xyz\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh:

\(\dfrac{yzt}{x^2\left(yz+zt+ty\right)}\ge3yzt\). Cộng theo vế rồi suy ra đpcm

T gần đi học r,có gì tối về giải full cho

Áp dụng cauchy-schwarz:

\(VT=\sum\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x^2}}{\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{t}}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{t}\right)^2}{3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{t}\right)}=VF\)

@Neet

\(VT=\dfrac{1}{x^3\left(yz+zt+ty\right)}+\dfrac{1}{y^3\left(xz+zt+tx\right)}+\dfrac{1}{z^3\left(xy+yt+tx\right)}+\dfrac{1}{t^3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x^2}}{xyz+xzt+xyt}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{y^2}}{xyz+yzt+txy}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{z^2}}{xyz+yzt+ztx}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{t^2}}{xyt+yzt+txz}\)

\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x^2}}{\dfrac{xyz}{xyzt}+\dfrac{xzt}{xyzt}+\dfrac{xyt}{xyzt}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{y^2}}{\dfrac{xyz}{xyzt}+\dfrac{yzt}{xyzt}+\dfrac{txy}{xyzt}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{z^2}}{\dfrac{xyz}{xyzt}+\dfrac{yzt}{xyzt}+\dfrac{ztx}{xyzt}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{t^2}}{\dfrac{xyt}{xyzt}+\dfrac{yzt}{xyzt}+\dfrac{txz}{xyzt}}\)

\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x^2}}{\dfrac{1}{t}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{y^2}}{\dfrac{1}{t}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{z^2}}{\dfrac{1}{t}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{t^2}}{\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{t}\right)^2}{3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{t}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{t}\right)=VP\)

Để ý đẳng thức : \(\dfrac{xy}{\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}+\dfrac{yz}{\left(z-x\right)\left(x-y\right)}+\dfrac{xz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}=\dfrac{xy\left(x-y\right)+yz\left(y-z\right)+xz\left(z-x\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}=-\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}=-1\)

Ta luôn có: \(\left(\dfrac{x}{y-z}+\dfrac{y}{z-x}+\dfrac{z}{x-y}\right)^2\ge0\) ;\(\forall x;y;z\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{\left(y-z\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(z-x\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}\ge-2\sum\dfrac{xy}{\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}=2\)

(ĐPcm)

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{x}{y-z}+\dfrac{y}{z-x}+\dfrac{z}{x-y}=0\)

Thêm 1 ý tưởng đc buff từ cách trước :))

\(BDT\LeftrightarrowΣ\dfrac{x^2}{\left(y-z\right)^2}-2=\left(Σ\dfrac{x}{y-z}\right)^2-2Σ\dfrac{xy}{\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}-2\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(Σ\left(x^3-x^2y-x^2z+xyz\right)\right)^2}{\prod\left(x-y\right)^2}-2\dfrac{Σ\left(x^2y-x^2z\right)}{\prod\left(x-y\right)}-2\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(Σ\left(x^3-x^2y-x^2z+xyz\right)\right)^2}{\prod\left(x-y\right)^2}\ge0\)

Câu a)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}\geq \frac{9}{a+2b}\) (1)

\(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\geq \frac{9}{b+2c}\)(2)

\(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}\geq \frac{9}{c+2a}\) (3)

Lấy \((1)+2.(2)+3.(3)\) ta có:

\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{3}{c}+\frac{3}{a}+\frac{3}{a}\geq 9\left(\frac{1}{a+2b}+\frac{1}{b+2c}+\frac{1}{c+2a}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{7}{a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{7}{c}\geq 9\left(\frac{1}{a+2b}+\frac{1}{b+2c}+\frac{1}{c+2a}\right)\)

Ta có đpcm

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Câu b)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{b}\geq \frac{(1+2)^2}{a+b}=\frac{9}{a+b}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{3a}+\frac{4}{3b}\geq \frac{3}{a+b}(1)\)

\(\frac{1}{3b}+\frac{1}{2c}+\frac{1}{2c}\geq \frac{9}{3b+4c}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{2}{3b}+\frac{2}{c}\geq \frac{18}{3b+4c}\) (2)

\(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{3a}+\frac{1}{3a}\geq \frac{9}{c+6a}\) (3)

Từ (1); (2); (3) cộng theo vế:

\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\geq \frac{3}{a+b}+\frac{18}{3b+4c}+\frac{9}{c+6a}\)

(đpcm)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=\frac{b}{2}=\frac{c}{3}\)

Câu c)

BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(\frac{b+c+a}{a}+\frac{2a+c}{b}+\frac{4(a+b)}{a+c}\geq 10\) (*)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(\text{VT}=\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c+a}{2a}+\frac{c+a}{2a}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a+c}{2b}+\frac{a+c}{2b}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}\)

\(\geq 10\sqrt[10]{\frac{ba(c+a)^4(a+b)^4}{16a^3b^3(a+c)^4}}=10\sqrt[10]{\frac{(a+b)^4}{16a^2b^2}}\)

Theo AM-GM: \((a+b)^2\geq 4ab\Rightarrow (a+b)^4\geq 16a^2b^2\)

\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq 10\sqrt[10]{\frac{(a+b)^4}{16a^2b^2}}\geq 10\)

Vậy (*) được cm. Ta có đpcm. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c