Tham khảo ↑

a: Vì (P) đi qua A(0;1); B(1;2); C(3;-1) nên ta có hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\cdot0^2+b\cdot0+c=1\\a\cdot1^2+b\cdot1+c=2\\a\cdot3^2+b\cdot3+c=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=1\\a+b+1=2\\9a+3b+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=1\\a+b=1\\9a+3b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=1\\9a+9b=9\\9a+3b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=1\\6b=11\\a+b=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=1\\b=\dfrac{11}{6}\\a=1-\dfrac{11}{6}=-\dfrac{5}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: Vì (P) đi qua M(0;-1); N(1;0) và P(2;3) nên ta có hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\cdot0^2+b\cdot0+c=-1\\a\cdot1^2+b\cdot1+c=0\\a\cdot2^2+b\cdot2+c=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=-1\\a+b-1=0\\4a+2b-1=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=-1\\a+b=1\\4a+2b=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=-1\\a+b=1\\2a+b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=-1\\-a=-1\\a+b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=-1\\a=1\\b=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

c: Vì (P) đi qua M(1;-2); N(0;4); P(2;1) nên ta có hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\cdot1^2+b\cdot1+c=-2\\a\cdot0^2+b\cdot0+c=4\\a\cdot2^2+b\cdot2+c=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=-2\\c=4\\4a+2b+c=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=4\\a+b=-2-c=-6\\4a+2b=1-4=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=4\\4a+4b=-24\\4a+2b=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=4\\2b=-21\\a+b=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=4\\b=-\dfrac{21}{2}\\a=-6-b=-6+\dfrac{21}{2}=\dfrac{9}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

d: Hoành độ đỉnh là 2 nên -b/2a=2

=>b=-4a(1)

Thay x=3 và y=1 vào (P), ta được:

\(a\cdot3^2+b\cdot3+c=1\)

=>\(9a+3b+c=1\left(2\right)\)

Thay x=-1 và y=2 vào (P), ta được:

\(a\cdot\left(-1\right)^2+b\left(-1\right)+c=2\)

=>a-b+c=2(3)

Từ (1),(2),(3), ta có hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-4a\\9a+3b+c=1\\a-b+c=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-4a\\9a-12a+c=1\\a+4a+c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-4a\\-3a+c=1\\5a+c=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-4a\\-8a=-1\\5a+c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{8}\\b=-4\cdot\dfrac{1}{8}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\c=2-5a=2-\dfrac{5}{8}=\dfrac{11}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Để (P) qua A \(\Rightarrow2=1+b+c\Rightarrow c=1-b\)

\(\Rightarrow y=x^2+bx-b+1\)

Phương trình hoành độ giao điểm:

\(x^2+bx-b+1=x\Leftrightarrow x^2+\left(b-1\right)x-b+1=0\) (1)

Để d tiếp xúc (P) \(\Leftrightarrow\) (1) có nghiệm kép

\(\Leftrightarrow\Delta=\left(b-1\right)^2-4\left(-b+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-1\right)\left(b+3\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}b=1\Rightarrow c=0\\b=-3\Rightarrow c=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a\ne0\)

a/ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}64a+8b+c=0\\-\frac{b}{2a}=6\\\frac{4ac-b^2}{4a}=-12\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}64a+8b+c=0\\b=-12a\\4ac-b^2+48a=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=32a\\b=-12a\\4a.\left(32a\right)-\left(-12a\right)^2+48a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\b=-36\\c=96\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow y=3x^2-36x+96\)

b/ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=6\\-\frac{b}{2a}=-2\\\frac{4ac-b^2}{4a}=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=6\\b=4a\\24a-16a^2=16a\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{1}{2}\\b=2\\c=6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow y=\frac{1}{2}x^2+2x+6\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\cdot\left(-1\right)^2+b\cdot\left(-1\right)+c=0\\-\dfrac{b}{2a}=1\\-\dfrac{b^2-4ac}{4a}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b+c=0\\b=-2a\\b^2-4ac=16a\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b+c=0\\b=-2a\\4a^2-4ac=16a\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b+c=0\\b=-2a\\a-c=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b+c=0\\b=-2a\\c=a-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+2a+a-4=0\\b=-2a\\c=a-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=-2\\c=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

+) (P) : \(y=-x^2+bx+c\) đi qua điểm A (3;0)

=> Thay x =3, y=0 vào pt của (P) : \(-\left(3\right)^2+b.3+c=0\)

=> \(-9+3b+c=0\rightarrow c=9-3b\)

Lại có : \(-\frac{b}{2a}=4\) => \(b=4.\left(-2.-1\right)=8\)

=> \(c=9-3.8=-15\)