Bài 1:

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn Hidro: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}=0,4\cdot36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)

Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{muối}=m_{KL}+m_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}-m_{H_2}=24,7\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2:

PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{12,8}\cdot100\%=43,75\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{FeO}=56,25\%\)

Bài 3:

PTHH: \(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{KOH}=0,1\cdot1=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{HCl}\)

*Bạn bổ sung thêm thể tích ddHCl thêm nhé !! 

Đầu tiên bạn tính n H2 = cách bảo toàn e =» n hcl pư =» m dd hcl pư 

Bạn bảo toàn ntố Fe để tím n FeCl2 =» m FeCl2 (dd B)

C% dd B = m FeCl 2 / (m Fe + m dd HCl)

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH :

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

0,2     0,4            0,2        0,2 

\(a,V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

\(b,m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{10}=146\left(g\right)\)

\(c,m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddMgCl_2}=4,8+146-\left(0,2.2\right)=150,4\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{19}{150,4}.100\%\approx12,63\%\)

2. 

\(n_K=\dfrac{7,8}{39}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\uparrow\)

0,2                     0,2         0,1 

\(m_{KOH}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddKOH}=7,8+100-\left(0,1.2\right)=107,6\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%=\dfrac{11,2}{107,6}.100\%\approx10,4\%\)

PTHH: \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuCl_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=50\left(g\right)\\C\%_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot135}{4+50}\cdot100\%=12,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{21,2}{106}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl --> 2NaCl + CO₂ + H₂O

                0,2------------------>0,4---->0,2

m_{dd sau pư} = 200 + 21,2 - 0,2.44 = 212,4(g)

=> \(C\%\left(NaCl\right)=\dfrac{0,4.58,5}{212,4}.100\%=11,017\%\)

$PTHH:Na_2CO_3+2HCl\to 2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow$

$n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{21,2}{106}=0,2(mol)$

Theo PT: $n_{NaCl}=n_{CO_2}=0,2(mol)$

$\Rightarrow m_{NaCl}=0,4.58,5=23,4(g);m_{CO_2}=0,2.44=8,8(g)$

$\Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{23,4}{21,2+200-8,8}.100\%\approx 11,01\%$

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Theo pt: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)

b) Theo pt: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,6.98=58,8g\)

\(C_{\%}dd_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}.100\%=\dfrac{58,8}{200}.100\%=29,4\%\)

c) Theo pt: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{n_{Al}}{2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,2.342=68,4\left(g\right)\)

Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng

\(m_{dd_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right) _3}}=m_{Al}+m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}-m_{H_2}\)

\(=10,8+200-0,6.2=209,6g\)

\(C_{\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{68,4}{209,6}.100\%\approx32,6\%\)

a)

$AgNO_3 + HCl \to AgCl + HNO_3$
Theo PTHH : 

$n_{AgCl} = n_{HCl} = n_{AgNO_3} = \dfrac{340.10\%}{170} =0,2(mol)$

$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,2.36,5}{7,3\%} = 100(gam)$

b)

$m_{AgCl} = 0,2.143,5 = 28,7(gam)$

c)

$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 340 + 100 -28,7 = 411,3(gam)$

$n_{HNO_3} = n_{AgNO_3} = 0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C\%_{HNO_3} = \dfrac{0,2.63}{411,3}.100\% = 3,06\%$

a.b.\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03mol\)

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,03   0,06          0,03           0,03    ( mol )

\(V_{H_2}=0,03.22,4=0,672l\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,06.36,5}{7,3\%}=30g\)

c.Tên muối: Kẽm clorua

\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,03.136=4,08g\)

\(m_{ddspứ}=30+1,95-0,03.2=31,89g\)

\(C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{4,08}{31,89}.100\%=12,79\%\)

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