a) \(25a^2-1=\left(5a-1\right)\left(5a+1\right)\)

b) \(a^2-9=\left(a-3\right)\left(a+3\right)\)

c) \(\dfrac{1}{4}a^2-\dfrac{9}{25}=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a-\dfrac{3}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{3}{5}\right)\)

d) \(\dfrac{9}{4}a^4-\dfrac{16}{25}=\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2-\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\)

e) \(\left(2a+b\right)^2-a^2=\left(2a+b-a\right)\left(2a+b+a\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(3a+b\right)\)

f) \(16\left(x-1\right)^2-25\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(4x-4-5x-5y\right)\left(4x-4+5x+5y\right)=\left(-x-4-5y\right)\left(9x+5y-4\right)\)

a/ $25x^2-1\\=(5x)^2-1^2\\=(5x-1)(5x+1)$

b/ $a^2-9\\=a^2-3^2\\=(a-3)(a+3)$

c/ $\dfrac{1}{4}a^2-\dfrac{9}{25}\\=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^2\\=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a-\dfrac{3}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{3}{5}\right)$

d/ $\dfrac{9}{4}a^4-\dfrac{16}{25}\\=\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{4}{5}\right)^2\\=\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2-\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\\=\left[\left(\sqrt{\dfrac 3 2}a\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt 5}{5}\right)^2\right]\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\\=\left(\sqrt{\dfrac 3 2}a-\dfrac{2\sqrt 5}{5}\right)\left(\sqrt{\dfrac 3 2}a+\dfrac{2\sqrt 5}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)$

e/ $(2a+b)^2-a^2\\=(2a+b-a)(2a+b+a)\\=(a+b)(3a+b)$

f/ $16(x-1)^2-25(x+y)^2\\=[4(x-1)]^2-[5(x-y)]^2\\=[4(x-1)-5(x-y)][4(x-1)+5(x-y)]\\=[4x-4-5x+5y][4x-4+5x-5y]\\=(-x+5y-4)(9x-5y-4)$

\(a,=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)\\ b,=-5x^2+15x+x-3=\left(x-3\right)\left(1-5x\right)\\ c,=2x^2+2x+5x+5=\left(2x+5\right)\left(x+1\right)\\ d,=2x^2-2x+5x-5=\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+5\right)\\ e,=x^3+x^2-4x^2-4x+x+1=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-4x+1\right)\\ f,=x^2+x-5x-5=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-5\right)\)

a,\(5ab-45a^3b\)

=\(5ab\left(1-9a^2\right)\)

=\(5ab\left(1-3a\right)\left(1+3a\right)\)

b,\(3a-6ab+5-10b\)

=\(\left(3a-6ab\right)+\left(5-10b\right)\)

=\(3a\left(1-2b\right)+5\left(1-2b\right)\)

=\(\left(1-2b\right)\left(3a+5\right)\)

c,\(a^2-7ab-2a+14b\)

=\(\left(a^2-7ab\right)-\left(2a-14b\right)\)

=\(a\left(a-7b\right)-2\left(a-7b\right)\)

=\(\left(a-7b\right)\left(a-2\right)\)

d,\(4a^2-8b+4a-8ab\)

=\(\left(4a^2-8ab\right)+\left(4a-8b\right)\)

=\(4a\left(a-2b\right)+4\left(a-2b\right)\)

=\(\left(a-2b\right)\left(4a+4\right)\)

=\(4\left(a-2b\right)\left(a+1\right)\)

e,\(a^2-5a+15b-9b^2\)

=\(\left(a^2-9b^2\right)-\left(5a-15b\right)\)

=\(\left(a-3b\right)\left(a+3b\right)-5\left(a-3b\right)\)

=\(\left(a-3b\right)\left(a+3b-5\right)\)

\(=4\left[a^2-\left(b^2-4bc+4c^2\right)\right]\)

\(=4\left[a^2-\left(b-2c\right)^2\right]\)

\(=4\left(a-b+2c\right)\left(a+b-2c\right)\)

\(4a^2-4b^2+16bc-16c^2\)

\(=4a^2-\left(4b^2-16bc+16c^2\right)\)

\(=\left(2a\right)^2-\left[\left(2b\right)^2-2.2b.4c+\left(4c\right)^2\right]\)

\(=\left(2a\right)^2-\left(2b-4c\right)^2\)

\(=\left(2a+2b-4c\right)\left(2a-2b+4c\right)\)

\(=4\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a-b+c\right)\)

d) (8a3 – 27b3) – 2a(4a2 – 9b2)

= (2a – 3b)(4a2 + 6ab + 9b2) – 2a(2a – 3b)(2a + 3b)

= (2a – 3b)(4a2 + 6ab + 9b2 – 4a2 – 6ab) = 9b2(2a – 3b)

Lời giải:

a. Không phân tích được thành nhân tử

b. \(a^4+a^2-22=(a^2+\frac{1}{2})^2-\frac{89}{4}=(a^2+\frac{1-\sqrt{89}}{2})(a^2+\frac{1+\sqrt{89}}{2})\)

(thông thường nhân tử là số hữu tỉ, phân tích kiểu này như cố để thành nhân tử cũng không hợp lý lắm, bạn coi lại đề)

c.

$x^4+4x^2-5=(x^4-x^2)+(5x^2-5)$

$=x^2(x^2-1)+5(x^2-1)=(x^2-1)(x^2+5)=(x-1)(x+1)(x^2+5)$

Nếu sửa như bạn nói thì làm như sau:

a. 

$a^4+a^2+1=(a^2+2a^2+1)-a^2=(a^2+1)^2-a^2=(a^2+1-a)(a^2+1+a)$
b.

$a^4+a^2-2=(a^4-1)+(a^2-1)=(a^2-1)(a^2+1)+(a^2-1)$

$=(a^2-1)(a^2+1+1)=(a-1)(a+1)(a^2+2)$

Bài 1: 

a: \(4a^2-6b=2\left(2a^2-3b\right)\)

b: \(m^3n-2m^2n^2-mn\)

\(=mn\left(m^2-2mn-1\right)\)

Bài 1:

a) \(4a^2-6b=2\left(a^2-3b\right)\)

b) \(=mn\left(m^2-2mn-1\right)\)

Bài 2:

a) \(=4\left(u-2\right)^2+v\left(u-2\right)=\left(u-2\right)\left(4u-8+v\right)\)

b) \(=a\left(a-b\right)^3-b\left(a-b\right)^2-b^2\left(a-b\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left[a\left(a-b\right)^2-b\left(a-b\right)-b^2\right]=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^3-2a^2b+ab^2-ab+b^2-b^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^3-2a^2b+ab^2-ab\right)\)

\(=\left(b^2+c^2+2bc-a^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2-2bc-a^2\right)\)

\(=\left(b+c-a\right)\left(b+c+a\right)\left(b-c-a\right)\left(b-c+a\right)\)