Rewrite these sentences using past participle clauses.

Example: We were given enough information about the causes of global warming, so we started our report.

→ Given enough information about the causes of global warming, we started our report.

1. If farm animals are not kept cool in hot weather, they can suffer from heat stress.

→ ______________ , farm animals can suffer from heat stress.

2. Some farmers were worried about the consequences of deforestation, so they stopped burning trees to create farmland.

→ _______________, some farmers stopped burning trees to create farmland.

3. If carbon dioxide is produced in huge amounts, it causes air pollution and climate change.

→ _______________, carbon dioxide causes air pollution and climate change.

U9 – U1,2

I . PRESENT PARTICIPLE (V-ING) or PAST PARTICIPLE (V-ED)

Combine These Pairs Of Sentences Using PRESENT PARTICIPLE (V-ING) or PAST PARTICIPLE (V-ED)

1. The first boy has just moved. He knows the truth.

2. I don't remember the man. He was attacked at the canteen last week…………………………………………..

3. The only thing is how to go home. It make me worried. ……………………………………….

4. The most beautiful girl lives in this city. I like her very much. ……………………………………….

5. Tom has a big car. I always met him. ……………………………………….

6. The children often go swimming on Sundays. They have much free time ……………………………………….

7. They are looking for the man and his dog. They were arrested by the rodders in the forest. ……………………………………….

8. The tree has lovely flowers. The tree stands near the gate of my house. ……………………………………….

9. My wife wants you to come for dinner. You were speaking to my wife……………………………………….

10. The last man has just returned from the farm. I want to talk to him at once. ……………………………………….

11. The book was bought by my dad. I was reading it yesterday. ……………………………………….

12. Someone is phoning you. He looked for you three hours ago. ……………………………………….

13. They called a doctor. He lived nearby. ……………………………………….

14. I wrote an email to my sister. She lives in Italy. ……………………………………….

15. Linh liked the waiter. He behaved very friendly. ……………………………………….

16. We broke a car. It belonged to my uncle. ……………………………………….

17. Ba dropped a cup. It was chosen carefully. ……………………………………….

18. Nam loves books. They have happy endings. ……………………………………….

19. I live in a city. It is described as a magic world. ……………………………………….

20. The boy is the hot boy in the class. He is wearing a blue hat. ……………………………………….

21. The woman works in a hospital. She comes from India. ……………………………………….

22. My sister has four sons. She lives in Japan. ……………………………………….

23. The man was rude to your dad. He was wearing a red shirt. ……………………………………….

24. The phone is on the table. It belongs to Tom. ……………………………………….

25. The radio was stolen. It was bought 35 years ago. ……………………………………….

26. I know the woman. She lives upstairs. ……………………………………….

27. The police officer has just arrested a man. He robbed the bank. ……………………………………….

29. These are the shoes. They were bought in HCMC……………………………………….

Because + Clause

Because of + V – ing / Noun phrase  

Although / Though + Clause

Inspite of / Despite + V – ing / Noun phrase

II.  Supply either “BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF” as appropriate.

1. It was difficult to deliver the letter …………….…the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope.

2. We decided to leave early …………..…………….the party was boring.

3. Rescue attempts were temporarily…………………..…the  bad weather.

4. They visited their friends often ……………………they enjoyed their company.

5. Paul can’t go to the football game ……………………………his  grades.

6. Marcella was awarded a scholarship……………….her  superiors scholastic ability

7. Nobody ventured outdoor ………………………..the hurricane warning.

8. We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains …………....the air is purer there

9. We have to drive around the bay ……………..the bridge was destroyed in the storm.

10. The chickens have died …………….the intense heat.

III: Complete the sentences with “ALTHOUGH, IN SPITE OF, BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF”.

27. ………………………it rained a lot, we enjoyed our vacation.

28. A ………………………all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.

      B ……………….we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.

29. A I went home early …………......................….I was feeing sick.

      B I went to work the next day ……………………I was still feeling sick.

30. I couldn’t get to sleep ………………………..there was a lot of noise.

31. I didn’t get the job …………………………….being  extremely qualified.

32. ……………………………..the  traffic was bad, I arrived on time.

33. I couldn’t sleep ………………………….. I was really tired.

34. The flight may be cancelled …………………………the thick fog.

IV:  Rewrite the sentences.

1. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.

   Because of ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Although he got up early, he was late for the first train.

   In spite ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................

3. Although my friend doesn’t have enough money, she wants to buy that new car.

   Despite ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. We arrived late because of the bad traffic. (because )

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. She didn’t buy the house because the price was very high.  (because of)                 

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. She only accepted the job because of the high salary. (because)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. We couldn’t sleep because the weather was hot. (because of)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. I enjoyed the film although the story was silly.(   in spite of)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. He didn't arrive until 9 o'clock although he promised that he wouldn't be late. (  in spite of)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

10. Although he was seriously ill, he was determined to finish his work.

In spite  ………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.

Because  ………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. She didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold.

Because . ………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident.

 Because ­………………………………………………………………………………………………

1.        He left school because his life was hard.

 Because of ..........................................................................................

2.       John succeeded in his exam because of his hard and methodical work.

 Because...............................................................................................

3.  We didn’t want to go out because of the heavy rain.

 Because...............................................................................................

4.  Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine.

 Despite ...............................................................................................

5.  In spite of the darkness, they continued to work.

 Though ..............................................................................................

6.  We postponed our trip because the driving conditions were bad.

 Because of ..........................................................................................

7.  The water in most rivers is unsafe to drink because it is polluted.

 Because of ..........................................................................................

8.  We all have received the best of everything because of our generous parents.

 Because                      

1. She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know anyone there

=> If  she known manyone there, she would lived in London

2. I can’t live in the country because I can’t find a job there

=>if  

3. I don’t have a spare ticket. I can’t take you to the concert

=>  If I ………………………………………………………………...

5. They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find a solution

→ If they …………………………………………………………….

6. He sits around too much. He isn’t fit.

→ If he ………………………………………………………………

9. She’s very thin; perhaps that’s why she feels cold so much.

→ If she …………………………………………………….

10. He never polishes his shoes, so he never looks smart

→ If he ……………………………………………………..

11. He can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by car

→ If he ……………………………………………………..

12. My house is guarded by two big dogs. That’s the only reason it isn’t broken into every night

→ If my house …………………………………………………………

13. The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone.

→ If the flats …..………………………………………………………..

14. I don’t know her e-mail address, so I can’t tell you

→ If I …………………………………………………………………….

15. She works in the evening. She has no time to play with her children

→ If she ………………………………………………………………….

16. I don’t want them to be upset, so I’ve decided not to tell them what happened.

→ They ……………………………………………………………..

17. I am not tall enough to join the basketball team

→ If I ……………………………………………………………………

18. He doesn’t see the signal so he doesn’t stop his car

→ If he ………………………………………………………………….

19. Peter gets bad marks because he doesn’t prepare his lessons well

→ If Peter ………………………………………………………………

20. Mary doesn’t have enough money. She can’t buy a new car.

→ If Mary ………………………………………………………………

21. Go right now or you’ll be late for the train.

→ If you………………………………………………………………….

22. He doesn’t apply for the job because he doesn’t have enough qualifications.

→ If he ………………………………………………………………….

23. Hurry up, or we will be late for the exam.

→ If we …………………………………………………………………

24. They do not understand you because you do not often talk to them.

→ If you …………………………………………………………………

25. Because you speak English unnaturally, they do not understand you.

→ If you …………………………………………………………………

1.There are modern knitting machines. The artisans in my village like using traditional looms. (although)

.............................................................................................................

2.   Many children like to go to Bat Trang Ceramic village. They can make their own pottery there. (as)

.............................................................................................................

3.  We have to follow more than ten stages. We can make a simple conical hat. (so that)

.............................................................................................................

4.  Sinh paintings are special. They are burned after worship. (since)

.............................................................................................................

5.  We’ll have to phone you first. Then we’ll organise the trip. (before)

.............................................................................................................

6.  We were visiting an old building. They were going to a traditional market. (while)

.............................................................................................................

7.  Mary often goes home as soon as the class is over. She doesn’t want her mother to wait for her. (so that)

.............................................................................................................

8.  Linda didn’t go to school yesterday. She was ill. (because)

.............................................................................................................

9.  The artisan moulded the copper to make a bronze drum. (so that)

.............................................................................................................

10.          I was tired after a long trip. I still went to visited Tay Ho conical hat making village right away. (although)

.............................................................................................................

11.          It rained heavily. We cancelled the trip to the famous Bat Trang craft village. (since)

.............................................................................................................

12.          I am going to the cinema with my friend this weekend to see the latest 60 Ocean Explore film. (in order that)

.............................................................................................................

V. Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

1. A heatwave can lead in widespread drought and increase the risk of wildfires

2. Homeless people may be offered temporary accomodation by the council.

3. The Sydney Opera House is a symbolize for not only a City, but a whole country

and continent

4. Noise pollution is thought having less damage to humans than water or air pollution

5. If people keep cutting down trees and they wipe out forests, there will be more floods.

6. Have you come home before the tornado touched down this afternoon?

7. The timetable shows that the next bus will leave in ten minutes.

8. Since the volcano last erupted, many houses have built on its slopes.

9. Despite of their usefulness, pesticides could pose potential risks to food safety.

10. If people didn’t use cars, there will be much less pollution.

11. In the past four months, my sister learned more than 2.000 new words

12. My lion  is a lot most intelligent than yours of any aspect

13. In our group, Tom is by far the most fastest

14. She won’t be angry with me if I thought the problem over carefully

15. Because the heavy rain, we can’t set off our trip to our hometown

16. Despite she doesn’t get on with her friends, they still play with her friendly

17. Tom was accused for taking my notebook because he disappeared without saying good bye to me

18. My dad left home early so that he can avoid traffic jam

19. She is  lovely so that everyone loves her at their first sight

20. We often open the window in order not to get fresh air in

21. We are in a hurry so that we want to catch the first train

VI. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Alex_________ (not do) the gardening before it started raining.

2. The amount of plastic in the ocean_________ (increase) if we_________ (not take) action now.

3. Outdoor air pollution_________ (cause) more than 3 million deaths a year.

4. There_________ (be) more than 80,000 wildfires so far this year.

5. What would you do if you_________ (catch) in a hurricane’s path?

6. By the time Hurricane Gilbert_________ (hit) Mexico it_________ (change) characteristics.

7. Heavy rains_________ (lash) the coast of Orissa and Andhra Pradesh in 2013.

8. In the early morning hours, tornado warnings_________ (issue) for storms in Oklahoma.

9. Water pollution makes aquatic plants and animals_________ (die).

10. Survivors said that many people managed_________ (escape), but they could not run away fast enough.

VII. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.

1.   His previous CD wasn’t as popular as this one.

 This CD ...............................................................................................

2.   I am not as interested in football as you are.

 You .....................................................................................................

3.   The film was less interesting than I had expected.

The film ...............................................................................................

4.   Britain isn’t as warm as Greece.

 Greece .................................................................................................

5.   I have been to fewer countries than you have.

 I haven’t ..............................................................................................

6.   Couldn’t you find a better hotel?

 Is this ..................................................................................................

7.   Long is not as careful as Thang.

Thang ...................................................................................................

8.   He has never behaved so violently before.

               He is behaving ....................................................................................

9.   As television programs become more popular, they seem to get worse.

The more ..............................................................................................

10. Tom works better when he is happy.

The .......................................................................................................

1. Pollution affects the environment in many ways.

The environment_______________________________________________________     

2. It’s impossible for us to predict when the earthquake will happen.

We__________________________________________________________________     

3. Some farmers are overusing Chemicals in their crops.

Chemicals____________________________________________________________     

4. Don’t leave the tap running while brushing your teeth, or you will waste water.

If you________________________________________________________________

5. Since the invention of special computers, the paths of hurricanes have been predicted.

Since special computers__________________________________________________     

6. The weather is bad, so we can’t go hiking in the mountains.

If the weather__________________________________________________________

7. What was the height of the waves in the Japan tsunami 2011?

How_________________________________________________________________     

8. It’s my opinion that you should study English in the UK.

If____________________________________________________________________     

9. Global warming will affect specific regions in different ways.

Specific regions________________________________________________________

10. It’s two years since the Hawaii volcano erupted.

The Hawaii volcano_____________________________________________________                

Exercise 4: Rewrite each of the following sentences with gerund or present participle or perfect participle.

Shall we go for a walk?

→ What about ___________________________________________.

Why don’t we visit our teacher?

→ I suggest _______________________________________________________.

It is really quite easy to learn English.

→ Learning ______________________________________________.

I don’t want to go to the movie tonight.

→ I don’t feel like _____________________________________.

Complaining about the matter is useless now.

→ It is useless _______________________________________________.

Question II. Complete the sentences with present participle or past participle form of the verb in brackets.

GIÚP MIK VỚI

1. The film wasn't as good as we had expected. (disappoint)

a. The film was _______________________ .

b. We were ________________________ with the film.

2. Diana teaches young children. It's a very hard job but she enjoys it.(exhaust)

a. She enjoys her job but it is often ______________________ .

b. At the end of a day's work, she is often _______________________ .

3. It's been raining all day. I hate this weather. (depress)

a. This weather is _____________________ .

b. This weather makes me ______________________ .

c. It's silly to get ____________________ because of the weather.

4. Clare is going to the United States next month. She has never been there before. (excite)

a. It will be an ________________ experience for her.

b. Going to new places is always ________________ .

c. She is really __________________ about going to the United States

I. Combine each pair of sentences, using Present Participle (V-ing) or Past Participle (V3/ed).

1. The street is very wide. It leads to our school. ………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The streets are very busy. They are bordered with shops. ………………………………………………………………………………………

3. My family is living in a house. The house was built in 2004. ………………………………………………………………………………………

4. The chickens are very fat. They are raised on our farm. ……………………………………………………………………………………

5. The boy will be punished. He broke the shop window. ……………………………………………………………………………………

6. The building is painted pink. It is my school. ………………………………………………………………………………

I. Combine each pair of sentences, using Present Participle (V-ing) or Past Participle (V3/ed). 1. The street is very wide. It leads to our school. ………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The streets are very busy. They are bordered with shops. …………………………………………………………………………………

3. My family is living in a house. The house was built in 2004. ………………………………………………………………………………

4. The chickens are very fat. They are raised on our farm. ……………………………………………………………………………………

5. The boy will be punished. He broke the shop window. ……………………………………………………………………………………

6. The building is painted pink. It is my school. …………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise2: Using Past participle phrase to combine each pair of sentences into one. 1. We are driving on the road. It was built in 2000 2. The vegetables are sold in this shop. They are grown without chemicals. …… 3. The energy is radiated by the sun. It can boil water and run machines. 4. Flowers are grown in Dalat. We exported them to foreign countries. 5. Cars are made in Korea. They are cheap and beautiful. 6. “The Old Man and the Sea” was written by Hemingway. It is very interesting. 7. Penicillin has saved the lives of millions. It was discovered by Dr. Fleming. 8. Rome, Paris and London are big cities. They are visited every year by millions of tourists. 9. The Great Wall of China was built over 2,000 years ago. It is now one of the seven wonders of the world. 10.The boy was taken to the hospital. He was injured in the accident Exercise3: Using Present participle phrase or Past participle phrase to combine each pair of sentences into one.

I Cobine each pair of these sentences , using the present participale or the past participle

1,A new factory has just opened in our town .It employs more than 200 workers

-.......................................................................................................................................

2,A boy was injured in the accident . He was taken to hospital

-.....................................................................................................................................

3, I d