a) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{12}{56}=\dfrac{3}{14}\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

            \(\dfrac{3}{14}\)---------------------->\(\dfrac{3}{14}\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{14}.22,4=4,8\left(l\right)\)

b) \(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(ZnO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Zn+H_2O\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(0,1< \dfrac{3}{14}\Rightarrow H_2\) dư

Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{ZnO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(1mol\)                             \(1mol\)

\(\dfrac{3}{14}mol\)                        \(\dfrac{3}{14}mol\)

\(a)n_{Fe}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{12}{56}\approx0,21=\dfrac{3}{14}\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=n.22,4=\dfrac{3}{14}.22,4=4,8\left(l\right)\)

\(b)n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(ZnO+H_2\rightarrow Zn+H_2O\)

\(1mol\)    \(1mol\)    \(1mol\)

\(0,1mol\)  \(0,1mol\)  \(0,1mol\)

\(\text{Ta thấy }H_2\text{ dư,ZnO phản ứng hết.Bài toán tính theo ZnO}\)

\(m_{Zn}=n.M=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)

bạn từng câu lên sẽ dễ nhìn hơn 

\(a,PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ b,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=2\cdot0,15=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Zn}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\) nên sau p/ứ Zn dư

\(\Rightarrow n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,15\cdot65=9,75\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=13-9,75=3,25\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)

$a) 2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$

$b) n_{Al} = \dfrac{10,8}{27} = 0,4(mol)$

Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,6(mol)$
$m_{H_2SO_4} = 0,6.98 = 58,8(gam)$

$c) n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,2.342 = 68,4(gam)$

$d) n_{H_2} = n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,6(mol) \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44(lít)$

\(a,2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(b.n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(Theo.PTHH\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=1,5.0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=n.M=0,6.98=58,8\left(g\right)\)

\(c,Theo.PTHH\Rightarrow n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,5.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n.M=0,2.342=68,4\left(g\right)\\ d,V_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=n.22,4=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{Zn} = a(mol) ; n_{Al} = b(mol) ; n_{Mg} = c(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 65a + 27b + 24c = 44,1(1)\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3 H_2\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b + c = \dfrac{31,36}{22,4} = 1,4(2)\\ Mà : 2a = 3b(3)\\ (1)(2)(3) \Rightarrow a = 0,3 ; b = 0,2 ; c = 0,8\\ \%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,3.65}{44,1}.100\% = 44,22\%\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,2.27}{44,1}.100\% = 12,24\%\)

\(\%m_{Mg} = 100\% -44,22\% -12,24\% = 43,54\%\)

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

a. \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=0,1.161=16,1\left(g\right)\)

b. \(n_{H_2thu.được}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(H_2+\dfrac{1}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}H_2O\)

0,1    0,05

\(V_{O_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{không.khí}=1,12.5=5,6\left(l\right)\)

\(1.\\ n_A=\dfrac{16,8}{A}mol\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3mol\\ A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{16,8}{A}=0,3\\ \Rightarrow A=56g/mol\\ \Rightarrow A.là.Fe\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.A\\ 2.\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1mol\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479l\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.B\\ 3.\\ Axit:H_2SO_4;HCl\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.B\\ 4.\\ 3,719l\Rightarrow3,7185\\ CTHH:R\\ n_R=\dfrac{3,6}{R}mol\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15mol\\ R+2HCl\rightarrow RCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{3,6}{R}=0,15\\ \Rightarrow R=24g/mol,Mg\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.B\)

C2: 

PTHH:      2Al+6HCl →2AlCl₃ +3H₂

a)

Ta có: 

\(+n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(+n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

Biện luận: 

\(\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,6}{6}\)

⇒Al dư, HCl pư hết.

\(+n_{Al}\)_dư =0,3-0,2=0,1(mol

\(+m_{Al}\)_dư =0,1.27=2,7(gam)

b)

\(+n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

⇒\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(gam\right)\)

c) PTHH:  H₂+CuO→Cu+H₂O

\(+n_{CuO}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(+m_{CuO}=0,3.80=24\left(gam\right)\)

Chúc bạn học tốt.

\(1.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5.6}{22.4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)

\(2N+2nHCl\rightarrow2NCl_n+nH_2\)

\(\dfrac{0.5}{n}.....0.5...............0.25\)

\(M_N=\dfrac{16.25}{\dfrac{0.5}{n}}=32.5n\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)

\(BL:n=2\Rightarrow N=65\)

\(Nlà:Zn\)

Không tính được thể tích vì thiếu nồng độ mol nhé.

\(2.\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8.1}{27}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21.9}{36.5}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(0.2........0.6..........0.2...........0.3\)

\(m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.3-0.2\right)\cdot27=2.7\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{AlCl_3}=0.2\cdot133.5=26.7\left(g\right)\)

\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^0}Cu+H_2O\)

\(0.3.....0.3\)

\(m_{CuO}=0.3\cdot80=24\left(g\right)\)

Câu 1:

a, Giả sử kim loại N có hóa trị n.

PT: \(2N+2nHCl\rightarrow2NCl_n+nH_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_N=\dfrac{2}{n}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,5}{n}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow M_N=\dfrac{16,25}{\dfrac{0,5}{n}}=32,5n\)

Với n = 1 ⇒ M_N = 32,5 (loại)

Với n = 2 ⇒ M_N = 65 (nhận)

Với n = 3 ⇒ M_N = 97,5 (loại)

Vậy, N là kẽm (Zn).

b, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

Phần này đề bài có cho thiếu nồng độ mol của dd HCl không bạn nhỉ?

Câu 2:

a, PT; \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,6}{6}\), ta được Al dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{Al\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\)

b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,3.2=0,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

c, PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)

Theo PT: \(n_{CuO}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,3.80=24\left(g\right)\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!