1)

\(x-17=23\\ \Rightarrow x=23+17\\ \Rightarrow x=40\)

2)

\(2\left(x-1\right)=7+\left(-3\right)\\ \Rightarrow2x-2=4\\ \Rightarrow2x=4+2\\ \Rightarrow2x=8\\ \Rightarrow x=4\)

3)

\(4\left(x+5\right)^3-7=101\\ \Rightarrow4\left(x+5\right)^3=101+7\\ \Rightarrow4\left(x+5\right)^3=108\\ \Rightarrow\left(x+5\right)^3=108\div4\\ \Rightarrow\left(x+5\right)^3=27\\ \Rightarrow\left(x+5\right)^3=3^3\\ \Rightarrow x+5=3\Rightarrow x=3-5\\ \Rightarrow x=-2\)

4)

\(2^{x+1}\times3+15=39\\ \Rightarrow2^{x+1}\times3=39-15\\ \Rightarrow2^{x+1}\times3=24\\ \Rightarrow2^{x+1}=24\div3\\ \Rightarrow2^{x+1}=8\)

\( \Rightarrow2^{2+1}=8\\\Rightarrow2^3=8\Rightarrow x=2 \)

a) x - 17 = 23

x = 23 + 17

x = 40

Vậy x = 40

b) 2 ( x - 1 ) = 7 + ( - 3 )

x - 1 = 4 : 2

x = 2 + 1

x = 3

Vậy x = 3

c) 4 ( x + 3 )^3 - 7 = 101

4 ( x + 3 )^3 = ( 101 + 7 ) : 4

( x + 3 )^3 = 3^3

⇒ x + 3 = 3

⇒ x = 0

Vậy x = 0

d) 2^{ x+ 1 } . 3 + 15 = 39

2^{ x + 1 } = ( 39 - 15 ) : 3

2^{ x + 1 } = 2{ 2 + 1 }

⇒ x + 1 = 2 + 1

⇒ x = 2

Vậy x = 2

Bài 10:

a: 2x-3 là bội của x+1

=>\(2x-3⋮x+1\)

=>\(2x+2-5⋮x+1\)

=>\(-5⋮x+1\)

=>\(x+1\in\left\{1;-1;5;-5\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{0;-2;4;-6\right\}\)

b: x-2 là ước của 3x-2

=>\(3x-2⋮x-2\)

=>\(3x-6+4⋮x-2\)

=>\(4⋮x-2\)

=>\(x-2\inƯ\left(4\right)\)

=>\(x-2\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{3;1;4;0;6;-2\right\}\)

Bài 14:

a: \(4n-5⋮2n-1\)

=>\(4n-2-3⋮2n-1\)

=>\(-3⋮2n-1\)

=>\(2n-1\inƯ\left(-3\right)\)

=>\(2n-1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

=>\(2n\in\left\{2;0;4;-2\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{1;0;2;-1\right\}\)

mà n>=0

nên \(n\in\left\{1;0;2\right\}\)

b: \(n^2+3n+1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n^2+n+2n+2-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n\left(n+1\right)+2\left(n+1\right)-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n+1\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{0;-2\right\}\)

mà n là số tự nhiên

nên n=0

Bài 16:

a: \(\left(x+5\right)\left(y-3\right)=15\)

=>\(\left(x+5\right)\left(y-3\right)=1\cdot15=15\cdot1=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-15\right)=\left(-15\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)=3\cdot5=5\cdot3=\left(-3\right)\cdot\left(-5\right)=\left(-5\right)\cdot\left(-3\right)\)

=>\(\left(x+5;y-3\right)\in\left\{\left(1;15\right);\left(15;1\right);\left(-1;-15\right);\left(-15;-1\right);\left(3;5\right);\left(5;3\right);\left(-3;-5\right);\left(-5;-3\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(-4;18\right);\left(10;4\right);\left(-6;-12\right);\left(-20;2\right);\left(-2;8\right);\left(0;6\right);\left(-8;-2\right);\left(-10;0\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(10;4\right);\left(0;6\right)\right\}\)

b: x là số tự nhiên

=>2x-1 lẻ và 2x-1>=-1

\(\left(2x-1\right)\left(y+2\right)=24\)

mà 2x-1>=-1 và 2x-1 lẻ

nên \(\left(2x-1\right)\cdot\left(y+2\right)=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-24\right)=1\cdot24=3\cdot8\)

=>\(\left(2x-1;y+2\right)\in\left\{\left(-1;-24\right);\left(1;24\right);\left(3;8\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(2x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;-26\right);\left(2;22\right);\left(4;6\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;-26\right);\left(1;11\right);\left(2;6\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;11\right);\left(2;6\right)\right\}\)

c:

x,y là các số tự nhiên

=>x+3>=3 và y+2>=2

xy+2x+3y=0

=>\(xy+2x+3y+6=6\)

=>\(x\left(y+2\right)+3\left(y+2\right)=6\)

=>\(\left(x+3\right)\left(y+2\right)=6\)

mà x+3>=3 và y+2>=2

nên \(\left(x+3\right)\cdot\left(y+2\right)=3\cdot2\)

=>x=0 và y=0

d: xy+x+y=30

=>\(xy+x+y+1=31\)

=>\(x\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)=31\)

=>\(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=31\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(y+1\right)=1\cdot31=31\cdot1=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-31\right)=\left(-31\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)\)

=>\(\left(x+1;y+1\right)\in\left\{\left(1;31\right);\left(31;1\right);\left(-1;-31\right);\left(-31;-1\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;30\right);\left(30;0\right);\left(-2;-32\right);\left(-32;-2\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;30\right);\left(30;0\right)\right\}\)

B3  a) x=4        b) x=-7         c) x=5          d) x=4

B2  a) -3+ -2+ -1+0+1+2+3+4=4

      b) -6+ -5+ -4+ -3+ -2+ -1+0+1+2+3+4=-11

 c) -18+-17+-16+-15+-14+-13+-12+-11+-10+-9+-8+-7+-6+-5+-4+3+-2+-1+0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19=19

b: \(\Leftrightarrow x+8\in\left\{1;-1;5;-5\right\}\)

hay \(x\in\left\{-7;-9;-3;-13\right\}\)

a: \(A=\dfrac{x-1+2x^2+2x+2-x^2-2x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{x-1}\)

a. \(-3x=36\)

\(x=\dfrac{36}{-3}=-12\)

Vậy....

b. \(-100:\left(x+5\right)=-5\)

\(x+5=-100:\left(-5\right)\)

\(x+5=20\)

\(x=20-5=15\)

Vậy....

a) (-3)x=36

nên x=-12

Vậy: x=-12

b) (-100):(x+5)=-5

\(\Leftrightarrow x+5=20\)

hay x=15

Vậy: x=15

`A)2/3=x/60`

`=>40/60=x/60`

`=>x=40`

`B)-1/2=y/18`

`=>-9/18=y/18`

`=>y=-9`

`C)3/x=y/35=-36/84`

Mà `-36/84=(-3 xx 12)/(7 xx 12)=-3/7`

`=>3/x=-3/7`

`=>x=-7`

`y/35=-3/7=-15/35`

`=>y=-15`

`D)7/x=y/27=-42/54`

Mà `-42/54=(-7 xx 6)/(9 xx 6)=-7/9`

`=>7/x=-7/9`

`=>x=-9`

`y/27=-7/9=-21/27`

`=>y=-21`

a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{x}{60}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2\cdot60}{3}=40\)

Vậy: x=40