Có: \(x+y+z=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow2x+2y+2z=1\)

Mặt khác: \(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{xyz}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2x+2y+2z}{xyz}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{zx}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=2\) ( vì \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}>0\) )

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}-\frac{1}{z}=\frac{-\left(x+y\right)}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(zx+yz+z^2\right)+xy\left(x+y\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+yz+zx+z^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\y+z=0\\z+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^{2021}+y^{2021}=0\\y^{2017}+z^{2017}=0\\z^{2019}+x^{2019}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow Q=0\)

Vậy...

\(\frac{y+z-x}{x}=\frac{z+x-y}{y}=\frac{x+y-z}{z}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{y+z}{x}-1=\frac{z+x}{y}-1=\frac{x+y}{z}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{y+z}{x}=\frac{z+x}{y}=\frac{x+y}{z}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\frac{z+x}{y}=\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{y+z+z+x+x+y}{x+y+z}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=2\)

Do đó:  +) \(\frac{y+z}{x}=2\)\(\Rightarrow y+z=2x\)

+) \(\frac{z+x}{y}=2\)\(\Rightarrow z+x=2y\)

+) \(\frac{x+y}{z}=2\)\(\Rightarrow x+y=2z\)

Ta có: \(B=\left(1+\frac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\frac{z}{x}\right)=\frac{y+x}{y}.\frac{z+y}{z}.\frac{x+z}{x}=\frac{2z}{y}.\frac{2x}{z}.\frac{2y}{x}=2.2.2=8\)

Câu 2/ 

\(\frac{1}{x^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}+\frac{1}{x^2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=1\)

Điều kiện \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2\ne0\\x^2+y^2\ne0\\x^2+y^2+z^2\ne0\end{cases}}\)

Xét \(x^2,y^2,z^2\ge1\)

Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2\ge1\\x^2+y^2\ge2\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge2\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(1\right)\)

Tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{6}\left(2\right)\\\frac{1}{x^2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)

Cộng (1), (2), (3) vế theo vế ta được

\(\frac{1}{x^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}+\frac{1}{x^2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{3}=1\)

Dấu = xảy ra  khi \(x^2=y^2=z^2=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)=?\)

Xét \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2\ge1\\y^2=z^2=0\end{cases}}\) thì ta có

\(\frac{1}{x^4}+\frac{1}{x^4}+\frac{1}{x^4}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4=3\left(l\right)\)

Tương tự cho 2 trường hợp còn lại: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2,y^2\ge1\\z^2=0\end{cases}}\) và \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2,z^2\ge1\\y^2=0\end{cases}}\)

Bài 2/

Ta có:  \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{t}+\frac{t}{x}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{x}{y}.\frac{y}{z}.\frac{z}{t}.\frac{t}{x}}=4>3\)

Vậy phương trình không có nghiệm nguyên dương.

Em mới học lớp 5 thôi nên em không biết cái gì 

~~~ Chúc chị học giỏi ~~~

a)\(\frac{a^2+a+3}{a+1}=\frac{a\left(a+1\right)+3}{a+1}=\frac{a\left(a+1\right)}{a+1}+\frac{3}{a+1}=a+\frac{3}{a+1}\in Z\)

\(\Rightarrow3⋮a+1\)

\(\Rightarrow a+1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow a\in\left\{0;-2;2;-4\right\}\)

b) Phần 1

\(x-2xy+y=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2x-4xy+2y=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2x-4xy+2y-1=-1\)

\(\Rightarrow2x\left(1-2y\right)-\left(1-2y\right)=-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(1-2y\right)=-1\)

Lập bảng xét Ư(-1)={1;-1}

Phần 2:

\(\frac{x}{y+z+t}=\frac{y}{z+t+x}=\frac{z}{t+x+y}=\frac{t}{x+y+z}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{y+z+t}+1=\frac{y}{z+t+x}+1=\frac{z}{t+x+y}+1=\frac{t}{x+y+z}+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y+z+t}{y+z+t}=\frac{y+z+t+x}{z+t+x}=\frac{z+t+x+y}{t+x+y}=\frac{t+x+y+z}{x+y+z}\)

+)XÉt \(x+y+z+t\ne0\) suy ra \(x=y=z=t\), Khi đó \(P=1+1+1+1=4\)

+)Xét \(x+y+z+t=0\) suy ra x+y=-(z+t); y+z=-(t+x); (z+t)=-(x+y); (t+x)=-(y+z)

Khi đó \(P=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)=-4\)

Vậy P có giá trị nguyên 

Bài 2:

a) \(\left|x+1\right|+\left|x+2\right|+\left|x+4\right|+\left|x+5\right|-6x=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|x+1\right|+\left|x+2\right|+\left|x+4\right|+\left|x+5\right|=6x\)

Ta có: \(\left|x+1\right|\ge0;\left|x+2\right|\ge0;\left|x+4\right|\ge0;\left|x+5\right|\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|x+1\right|+\left|x+2\right|+\left|x+4\right|+\left|x+5\right|\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow6x\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow x\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|x+1\right|+\left|x+2\right|+\left|x+4\right|+\left|x+5\right|=x+1+x+2+x+4+x+5=6x\)

\(\Rightarrow4x+12=6x\)

\(\Rightarrow2x=12\)

\(\Rightarrow x=6\)

Vậy x = 6

b) Giải:

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{x-2}{2}=\frac{y-3}{3}=\frac{z-3}{4}=\frac{2y-6}{6}=\frac{3z-9}{12}=\frac{x-2-2y+6+3z-9}{2-6+12}=\frac{\left(x-2y+3z\right)-\left(2-6+9\right)}{8}\)

\(=\frac{14-5}{8}=\frac{9}{8}\)

+) \(\frac{x-2}{2}=\frac{9}{8}\Rightarrow x-2=\frac{9}{4}\Rightarrow x=\frac{17}{4}\)

+) \(\frac{y-3}{3}=\frac{9}{8}\Rightarrow y-3=\frac{27}{8}\Rightarrow y=\frac{51}{8}\)

+) \(\frac{z-3}{4}=\frac{9}{8}\Rightarrow z-3=\frac{9}{2}\Rightarrow z=\frac{15}{2}\)

Vậy ...

c) \(5^x+5^{x+1}+5^{x+2}=3875\)

\(\Rightarrow5^x+5^x.5+5^x.5^2=3875\)

\(\Rightarrow5^x.\left(1+5+5^2\right)=3875\)

\(\Rightarrow5^x.31=3875\)

\(\Rightarrow5^x=125\)

\(\Rightarrow5^x=5^3\)

\(\Rightarrow x=3\)

Vậy x = 3

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