1) 

Ta có: x+y=2

nên \(\left(x+y\right)^2=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2xy=2\)

hay xy=1

Ta có: \(x^3+y^3\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=2^3-3\cdot1\cdot2\)

=2

2)\(x^2+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=8^2-2\cdot\left(-20\right)=104\)

\(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)=8^3-3\cdot\left(-20\right)\cdot8=512+480=992\)

\(x^2+y^2+xy=\left(x+y\right)^2-xy=8^2-\left(-20\right)=64+20=84\)

`x^3+y^3`

`=(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)`

`=3[(x+y)^2-3xy]`

`=3(3^2-2.3)`

`=3(9-6)=3.3=9`

Ta có:

VT: \(\left(xy+1\right)\left(x^2y^2-xy+1\right)+\left(x^3-1\right)\left(1-y^3\right)\)

\(=\left(xy\right)^3+1^3+x^3-x^3y^3-1+y^3\)

\(=x^3y^3+1+x^3-x^3y^3-1+y^3\)

\(=\left(x^3y^3-x^3y^3\right)+\left(1-1\right)+\left(x^3+y^3\right)\)

\(=x^3+y^3=VP\left(dpcm\right)\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=4\\xy=1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y+4\\y\left(y+4\right)=1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y+4\\y^2+4y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y+4\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-2+\sqrt{5}\\y=-2-\sqrt{5}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

Với \(y=-2+\sqrt{5}\Rightarrow x=2+\sqrt{5}\)

Với \(y=-2-\sqrt{5}\Rightarrow x=2-\sqrt{5}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=x^2+y^2=\left(-2+\sqrt{5}\right)^2+\left(2+\sqrt{5}\right)^2=\left(2-\sqrt{5}\right)^2+\left(-2-\sqrt{5}\right)^2=18\)

\(B=x^3+y^3\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}B=\left(2+\sqrt{5}\right)^3+\left(-2+\sqrt{5}\right)^3=34\sqrt{5}\\B=\left(2-\sqrt{5}\right)^3+\left(-2-\sqrt{5}\right)^3=-34\sqrt{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow C=x^4+y^4=\left(-2+\sqrt{5}\right)^4+\left(2+\sqrt{5}\right)^4=\left(2-\sqrt{5}\right)^4+\left(-2-\sqrt{5}\right)^4=322\)

\(x+y=a\left(1\right)\)

\(x-y=b\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\Rightarrow2x=a+b\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{a+b}{2}\)

\(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow y=a-x\Rightarrow y=a-\dfrac{a+b}{2}\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{a-b}{2}\)

\(xy=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)}{2}.\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)}{2}=\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{4}\)

\(x^3-y^3=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^3-\left(\dfrac{a-b}{2}\right)^3=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{8}-\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^3}{8}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^3-\left(a-b\right)^3}{8}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b-a+b\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+\left(a-b\right)^2\right]}{8}\)

\(=\dfrac{2b\left[a^2+b^2+2ab+a^2-b^2+a^2+b^2-2ab\right]}{8}\)

\(=\dfrac{b\left[3a^2+b^2+2ab\right]}{4}\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=a\\x-y=b\end{matrix}\right.\) tính \(x^3\) - y³ theo \(a\) và \(b\)

⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+x-y=a+b\\x-y=b\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=a+b\\y=x-b\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\left(a+b\right):2\\y=\left(a-b\right):2\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ \(xy\) = \(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\)\(\times\)\(\dfrac{a-b}{2}\) = \(\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{4}\)

\(x^{3^{ }}\) - y³ = (\(x\) - y)(\(x^2\) + \(x\)y + y²) = \(\left(x-y\right)\)\(\left(\left[x+y\right]^2-xy\right)\) (1)

Thay \(x-y\) = a; \(x\) + y = b và \(xy\) = \(\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{4}\) vào (1) ta có:

\(x^3\) - y³ = b.(a² - \(\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{4}\)) = b.\(\dfrac{3a^2+b^2}{4}\) = \(\dfrac{3a^2b+b^3}{4}\)

\(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=24^3-3\cdot24\cdot18\)

\(=13824-1296\)

=12528

-Câu hỏi?

a. \(25-y^2=8\left(x-2009\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow25-y^2=8x-16072\)

\(\Leftrightarrow25-y^2+16072=8x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow16097-y^2=8x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{16097-y^2}{8}=x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{16096+1-y^2}{8}=x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2012+\dfrac{1-y^2}{8}=x\)

-Vì \(x,y\) nguyên \(\Rightarrow\left(1-y^2\right)⋮8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-y\right)\left(y+1\right)⋮8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-y\right)⋮8\) hay \(\left(y+1\right)⋮8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-y\right)\in\left\{1;2;4;8;-1;-2;-4;-8\right\}\) hay \(\left(y+1\right)\in\left\{1;2;4;8;-1;-2;-4;-8\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y\in\left\{0;-1;-3;-7;2;3;5;9\right\}\) hay \(y\in\left\{0;1;3;7;-2;-3;-5;-9\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow y\in\left\{0;\pm1;\pm2;\pm3;\pm5;\pm7;\pm9\right\}\)

-Từ đó bạn tính các giá trị x tương ứng với mỗi giá trị của y.