III. Read the following  passage and do the tasks below : 

Most of us think that great ideas were the result of genius thinking. However, many of the greatest discoveries and inventions in history began with very simple beginnings.
In the 18^th century, James Watt was boiling water at home. As the water began to boil, he suddenly noticed that the steam was pushing the lid of the kettle. From this, he created the steam engine.

In ancient Greece time, Archimedes stepped into a bath tub and felt that water was being pushed out when he stepped in. This is how he came up with the idea of how to find the purity of gold.

In the 17^th century, Isaac Newton was sitting under a tree when an apple fell and hit him on the head. This is when he realized the pulling force of the earth - the gravity.
There are many other examples of how great ideas began with simple beginnings. What one needs to become an inventor are careful observation and a lot of hard work.

A. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences:

 1..Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. James Watt, Archimedes and Isaac Newton.
B. Steam Engines, Gold and Gravity
C. Great Ideas with Simple Beginnings

2. Which of the following is NOT true of inventors?
A. They have simple thinkings.
B. They have very careful observations.
C. They work extremely hard.
B.  Answer the questions:

1. What did James Watt create?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Did  Isaac Newton realize the pulling force of the earth?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. How many inventors are mentioned in the passage?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Most of us think that great ideas were the result of genius thinking. However, many of the greatest discoveries and inventions in history began with very simple beginnings. In the 18^th century, James Watt was boiling water at home. As the water began to boil, he suddenly noticed that the steam wass pushing the lid of the kettle. From this, he created the steam engine. In ancident Greece time, Archimedes stepped into a bath tub and felt that water was being pushed out when he stepped in. This is how he came up with the idea of how to find the purity of gold. In the 17^th century, Isaac Newton was sitting under a tree when an apple fell and hit him on the head. This í when he realized the pulling force of the earth - the gravity.

There are many other examples of how great ideas began with simple beginnings. What one needs to become an inventor are careful observation and a lot of hard work.

1. Jame Watt lived in _____.

A. the 17^th century. B. the 18^th century. C. the ancient Greece time

2. Archimedes came up with the idea of how to find purity gold when _____.

A. he was boiling water. B. he was hit by an apple. C. he was stepping into the bath tub.

3. Many great ideas began with _____.

A. genius thinking. B. simple beginnings C. long time working in laboratories.

4. Which of the following is NOT true of inventors?

A. They have simple thinkings. B. They have very careful observations. C. They work extremely hard.

5. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. James Watt, Archimedes and Isaac Newton. B. Steam Engines, Gold and Gravity. C. Great Ideas with Simple Beginnings.

III. Read the following passage and do the tasks below. 

       Almost a hundred thousand people were killed and half a million homes destroyed as a result of an earthquake in Tokyo in 1923. The earthquake began a minute before noon when the inhabitants of Tokyo were cooking their midday meals. Thousands of stoves were overturned as soon as the earth began to shake.

       As a result, small fires broke out everywhere and quickly spread. The fire engines were prevented from going to help because many of the roads had cracked open. It was impossible to use fire fighting equipment as most of the water pipes had burst. Consequently, over ninety percent of the damage was caused by fire rather than by the collapse of the buildings. Most of those who died were not killed in the earthquake itself but in the fires, which followed. If the earthquake had occurred at night while people were sleeping, far fewer would have died.

A. Answer the following questions.

1. How many people were killed after the earthquake?

___________________________________________________________________

2. Why were the engines prevented from going to help?

  __________________________________________________________________

3. Was it possible to use fighting equipment?

  __________________________________________________________________

B. Choose the correct answer.

4. When did the earthquake start?

A. in the afternoon                                    B. before noon         

C. at night                                                 D. after midday meals

5. What was the main cause of the damage and death of most people? 

A.  The roads                                            B. The collapse of the building    

C. The water pipes                                    D. The fire                             

III. Read the following passage and do the tasks below: 

    Almost a hundred thousand people were killed and half a million homes destroyed as a result of an earthquake in Tokyo in 1923. The earthquake began a minute before noon when the inhabitants of Tokyo were cooking their midday meals. Thousands of stoves were overturned as soon as the earthquake began to shake. As a result, small fires broke out everywhere and quickly spread. The fire engines were prevented from going to help because many of the roads had cracked open. It was impossible to use firefighting equipment as most of the water pipes had burst. Consequently, over ninety percent of the damage was caused by fire rather than by collapse of the buildings. Most of those who died were not killed in the earthquake itself but in the fires which followed.

A. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences:

1. The fire engines were prevented from going to help_____________.

A. because many of the water pipes had cracked open

B. because millions of the roads had cracked open

C. because many people were killed

D. because many of the roads had cracked open

2. Most of the damage was caused by_____________.

A. the fire                                           C. collapse of the roads             

B. the storm                                        D. collapse of the buildings

B.  Answer the questions:

1. How many people were killed in the earthquake in Tokyo in 1923?

………………………………………………………………………………………

2. What were the inhabitants of Tokyo doing when the earthquake began?

………………………………………………………………………………………

3. What happened as soon as the earthquake began to shake?

………………………………………………………………………………………

III. Read the following passage and do the tasks below. 

       Almost a hundred thousand people were killed and half a million homes destroyed as a result of an earthquake in Tokyo in 1923. The earthquake began a minute before noon when the inhabitants of Tokyo were cooking their midday meals. Thousands of stoves were overturned as soon as the earth began to shake.

       As a result, small fires broke out everywhere and quickly spread. The fire engines were prevented from going to help because many of the roads had cracked open. It was impossible to use fire fighting equipment as most of the water pipes had burst. Consequently, over ninety percent of the damage was caused by fire rather than by the collapse of the buildings. Most of those who died were not killed in the earthquake itself but in the fires, which followed. If the earthquake had occurred at night while people were sleeping, far fewer would have died.

A. Answer the following questions.

1. How many people were killed after the earthquake?

___________________________________________________________________

2. Why were the engines prevented from going to help?

  __________________________________________________________________

3. Was it possible to use fighting equipment?

  __________________________________________________________________

Read the following passage and do the tasks below. 

       Almost a hundred thousand people were killed and half a million homes destroyed as a result of an earthquake in Tokyo in 1923. The earthquake began a minute before noon when the inhabitants of Tokyo were cooking their midday meals. Thousands of stoves were overturned as soon as the earth began to shake.

       As a result, small fires broke out everywhere and quickly spread. The fire engines were prevented from going to help because many of the roads had cracked open. It was impossible to use fire fighting equipment as most of the water pipes had burst. Consequently, over ninety percent of the damage was caused by fire rather than by the collapse of the buildings. Most of those who died were not killed in the earthquake itself but in the fires, which followed. If the earthquake had occurred at night while people were sleeping, far fewer would have died.

A. Answer the following questions.

1. How many people were killed after the earthquake?

2. Why were the engines prevented from going to help?

3. Was it possible to use fighting equipment?

B. Choose the correct answer.

4. When did the earthquake start?

A. in the afternoon                   B. before noon                   C. at night                                            D. after midday meals

5. What was the main cause of the damage and death of most people? 

A. The roads                              B. The collapse of the building     C. The water pipes              D. The fire                              

Read the following passage, and answer the questions that follow

Almost a hundred thousand people were killed and half a million homes destroyed as a result of an earthquake in Tokyo in 1923. The earthquake began a minute before noon when the habitants of Tokyo were cooking their midday meals. Thousands of stoves were overturned as soon as the earth began to shake. As a result, small fires broke out everywhere and quickly spread. The fire engines were prevented from going to help because many of the roads had cracked open. It was impossible to use fire-fighting equipment as most of the water pipes had burst. Consequently, over ninety percent of the damage was caused by fire rather than by the collapse of buildings.

How many people were killed in the earthquake?

___________________________________________________________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 13 to 20.

Have you ever thought about inventing something? Did you worry that your idea was too strange or

unrealistic? Well, maybe you should think again. Strange or unrealistic ideas never stopped Arthur Pedrick. Pedrick was a British inventor. Originally a government clerk, he spent his retirement in the 1960s and 1970s developing new and unusual ideas. Some of these ideas contradicted basic physics, but that didn’t stop Pedrick. One of his strangest ideas was a plan to connect large tubes from the continent of Australia all the way to Antarctica, a distance of 10,000 km! These tubes would carry giant ice balls from Antarctica to Australia. This ice would then melt in the Australian desert, and the water would be used in irrigation. Another of Pedrick’s inventions was a radio-controlled golf ball. A golfer could change the speed and direction of the golf ball by small flaps, controlled by computer chips. Using radio waves, the golfer could also find lost golf balls. Arthur Pedrick had thousands of bizarre ideas for inventions, most of which were never built.

Though many of Pedrick’s inventions were never developed, a lot of other strange ideas were. In 1989, a company designed and sold a theft-prevention device for expensive cars. As part of this device, several tubes were attached to the bottom of a car. If someone tried to steal the car, super hot flames would come out of the tubes and burn the car thief. Some people who were not thieves, however, were seriously injured. They accidentally set off the device by walking past the car. Other strange inventions include underwear for dogs and pens with drinkable ink. The underwear keeps dogs from making a mess when they go out for a walk. Also, if you are ever thirsty during a test, a pen with drinkable ink would be very handy! If you have an idea that seems a little out in left field, don’t let that stop you from trying it. You’ll be in good company

What is the main idea of the passage? 

A. Some inventions are very strange 

B. Some devices can help reduce crime 

C. Inventing something is easy 

D. Inventions are necessary for a good life 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absence from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.

Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.

During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women’s organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources came from the core of the two greatest collections of women’s history in the United

States - one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliffe College, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later Generations of historians.

Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the “great women” theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on “great men.” To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women’s right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.

The word “contemporary” in line 5 means that the history was...

A. informative     

B. written at that time    

C. thoughtful         

D. faultfinding