b: \(\sqrt{2017}-\sqrt{2016}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2016}+\sqrt{2017}}\)

\(\sqrt{2016}-\sqrt{2015}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2016}+\sqrt{2015}}\)

mà \(\sqrt{2016}+\sqrt{2017}< \sqrt{2016}+\sqrt{2015}\)

nên \(\sqrt{2017}-\sqrt{2016}>\sqrt{2016}-\sqrt{2015}\)

a.

\(x=9-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{9-4\sqrt{5}}{4}}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{9+4\sqrt{5}}{4}}}\\ x=9-\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-2}{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+2}{2}}\\ x=9-\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{5}-2}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{5}+2}\right)=9-8=1\\ \Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=f\left(1\right)=\left(1-1+1\right)^{2016}=1\)

c.

\(=\sin x\cdot\cos x+\dfrac{\sin^2x}{1+\dfrac{\cos x}{\sin x}}+\dfrac{\cos^2x}{1+\dfrac{\sin x}{\cos x}}\\ =\sin x\cdot\cos x+\dfrac{\sin^2x}{\dfrac{\sin x+\cos x}{\sin x}}+\dfrac{\cos^2x}{\dfrac{\sin x+\cos x}{\cos x}}\\ =\sin x\cdot\cos x+\dfrac{\sin^3x}{\sin x+\cos x}+\dfrac{\cos^3x}{\sin x+\cos x}\\ =\sin x\cdot\cos x+\dfrac{\left(\sin x+\cos x\right)\left(\sin^2x-\sin x\cdot\cos x+\cos^2x\right)}{\sin x+\cos x}\\ =\sin x\cdot\cos x-\sin x\cdot\cos x+\sin^2x+\cos^2x\\ =1\)

d.

\(\dfrac{2}{a+b\sqrt{5}}-\dfrac{3}{a-b\sqrt{5}}=-9-20\sqrt{5}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-a-5b\sqrt{5}}{\left(a+b\sqrt{5}\right)\left(a-b\sqrt{5}\right)}=-9-20\sqrt{5}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+5b\sqrt{5}}{a^2-5b^2}=9+20\sqrt{5}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(9+20\sqrt{5}\right)\left(a^2-5b^2\right)=a+5b\sqrt{5}\\ \Leftrightarrow9\left(a^2-5b^2\right)+\sqrt{5}\left(20a^2-100b^2\right)-5b\sqrt{5}=a\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5}\left(20a^2-100b^2-5b\right)=9a^2-45b^2+a\)

Vì \(\sqrt{5}\) vô tỉ nên để \(\sqrt{5}\left(20a^2-100b^2-5b\right)\) nguyên thì

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}20a^2-100b^2-5b=0\\9a^2-45b^2+a=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}180a^2-900b^2-45b=0\\180a^2-900b^2+20a=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow20a+45b=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4a+9b=0\Leftrightarrow a=-\dfrac{9}{4}b\\ \Leftrightarrow9a^2-45b^2+a=\dfrac{729}{16}b^2-45b^2-\dfrac{9}{4}b=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{9}{16}b^2-\dfrac{9}{4}b=0\\ \Leftrightarrow b\left(\dfrac{9}{16}b-\dfrac{9}{4}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}b=0\\b=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\a=9\end{matrix}\right.\)

Với \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(0;0\right)\left(loại\right)\)

Vậy \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(9;4\right)\)

Đặt \(a=\sqrt{x-2015};b=\sqrt{y-2016};c=\sqrt{z-2017}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)

Khi đó phương trình trở thành: 

\(\dfrac{a-1}{a^2}+\dfrac{b-1}{b^2}+\dfrac{c-1}{c^2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a^2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\\ \Leftrightarrow x=2019;y=2020;z=2021\)

Tick plz

Ta có : 

\(\left(\sqrt{2015}+\sqrt{2017}\right)^2=2015+2\sqrt{2015.2017}+2017=8064+2\sqrt{2015.2017}\)

\(\left(2\sqrt{2016}\right)^2=8064\)

Vì \(\left(\sqrt{2015}+\sqrt{2017}\right)^2>\left(2\sqrt{2016}\right)^2\) nên \(\sqrt{2015}+\sqrt{2017}>2\sqrt{2016}\)

Vậy... 

Chúc bạn học tốt ~ 

Cảm ơn bn nhiều nhé :)))

1.

ĐKXĐ: $x\geq 1; y\geq 2; z\geq 3$

PT \(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z+8-2\sqrt{x-1}-4\sqrt{y-2}-6\sqrt{z-3}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow [(x-1)-2\sqrt{x-1}+1]+[(y-2)-4\sqrt{y-2}+4]+[(z-3)-6\sqrt{z-3}+9]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{x-1}-1)^2+(\sqrt{y-2}-2)^2+(\sqrt{z-3}-3)^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{x-1}-1=\sqrt{y-2}-2=\sqrt{z-3}-3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=2\\ y=6\\ z=12\end{matrix}\right.\)

2.

ĐKXĐ: $x\geq 0$

PT $\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x+1}=1-\sqrt{x}$

$\Rightarrow x+1=(1-\sqrt{x})^2=x+1-2\sqrt{x}$

$\Leftrightarrow 2\sqrt{x}=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=0$

Thử lại thấy thỏa mãn 

Vậy $x=0$

3.

ĐKXĐ: $x\geq -1$

PT \(\Leftrightarrow (1+\sqrt{x^2+4033}).\frac{(x+2016)-(x+1)}{\sqrt{x+2016}+\sqrt{x+1}}=2015\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 1+\sqrt{x^2+4033}=\sqrt{x+2016}+\sqrt{x+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (1+\sqrt{x^2+4033})^2=(\sqrt{x+2016}+\sqrt{x+1})^2\)

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

\(\text{VP}\leq 2(x+2016+x+1)=4x+4034\)

\(\text{VP}=x^2+4034+2\sqrt{x^2+4033}\geq x^2+4034+2\sqrt{4033}>x^2+4034+5\)

Mà: $x^2+4034+5-(4x+4034)=(x-2)^2+1> 0$

$\Rightarrow x^2+4034+5> 4x+4034$

$\Rightarrow \text{VP}> \text{VT}$

Do đó pt vô nghiệm.

Ta có: \(\left(\sqrt{2015}+\sqrt{2018}\right)^2=4033+2\sqrt{2015.2018}\)

\(\left(\sqrt{2016}+\sqrt{2017}\right)^2=4033+2\sqrt{2016.2017}\)

\(2015.2018=2015.2017+2015=2017\left(2015+1\right)-2017+2015=2017.2016-2\)\(\Rightarrow2015.2018< 2016.2017\)

\(\Rightarrow4033+2\sqrt{2015.2018}< 4033+2\sqrt{2016.2017}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2015}+\sqrt{2018}< \sqrt{2016}+\sqrt{2017}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Đặt \(A=\sqrt{2015}+\sqrt{2018}\Rightarrow A^{^2}=4033+2\sqrt{2015.2018}\)

\(B=\sqrt{2016}+\sqrt{2017}\Rightarrow B^{^2}=4033+2\sqrt{2016.2017}\)

Ta có: 2015.2018 = 2015.2017 + 2015

2016.2017 = 2015.2017 + 2017

Dễ dàng thấy được 2015.2018 < 2016.2017 => A² < B²

=> A < B

Để phần so sánh chặt chẽ hơn, bạn có thể dùng cách này.

\(\sqrt{2017}-\sqrt{2016}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2017}+\sqrt{2016}}\)

\(\sqrt{2016}-\sqrt{2015}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2016}+\sqrt{2015}}\)

2017>2015

=>căn 2017>căn 2015

=>\(\sqrt{2017}+\sqrt{2016}>\sqrt{2016}+\sqrt{2015}\)

=>\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2017}+\sqrt{2016}}< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2016}+\sqrt{2015}}\)

=>\(\sqrt{2017}-\sqrt{2016}< \sqrt{2016}-\sqrt{2015}\)

B = \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x+1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+2015}+\sqrt{x+2016}}\)

B = \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x+1}}{x-x-1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x+1}-\sqrt{x+2}}{x+1-x-2}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{x+2015}-\sqrt{x+2016}}{x+2015-x-2016}\)

B = \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x+1}}{-1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x+1}-\sqrt{x+2}}{-1}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{x+2015}-\sqrt{x+2016}}{-1}\)

B = \(-\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x+1}-\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+2}-...-\sqrt{2015}+\sqrt{2016}\)

B = \(-\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2016}\)

Khi x = 2017

B = \(-\sqrt{2017}+\sqrt{2016}=\sqrt{2016}-\sqrt{2017}\)

Gợi ý: sử dụng trục căn thức.