a) PTHH: 2Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2

x___________3x______________1,5x(mol)

Fe +2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2

y___2y____y______y(mol)

b) Ta có: m(rắn)= mCu=0,4(g)

=> m(Al, Fe)=1,5-mCu=1,5-0,4=1,1(g)

nH2= 0,04(mol)

Ta lập hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=1,1\\1,5x+y=0,04\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\\y=0,01\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> mAl=27.0,02=0,54(g)

mFe=56.0,01=0,56(g)

\(3Ag+4HNO_3\rightarrow3AgNO_3+NO+2H_2O\)

\(Al+4HNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+NO+2H_2O\)

\(NO\) là sản phẩm khử duy nhất.

\(\Rightarrow n_{NO}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02mol\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27n_{Al}+108n_{Ag}=3,51g\\BTe:3n_{Al}+n_{Ag}=3n_{NO}=0,06\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,01mol\\n_{Ag}=0,03mol\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,01\cdot27}{3,51}\cdot100\%=7,7\%\)

\(\%m_{Ag}=100\%-7,7\%=92,3\%\)

a, \(Al+4HNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+NO+2H_2O\)

\(3Ag+4HNO_3\rightarrow3AgNO_3+NO+2H_2O\)

b, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\underrightarrow{BTE}3n_{Al}+n_{Ag}=\dfrac{0,448.3}{22,4}=0,06\\\underrightarrow{BTKL}27n_{Al}+108n_{Ag}=3,51\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,01\\n_{Ag}=0,03\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=\dfrac{0,01.27}{3,51}.100\%=7,69\%\\\%Ag=\dfrac{0,03.108}{3,51}.100\%=92,31\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đáp án : C

Bài 1:

PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

            \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{37,6}\cdot100\%\approx14,89\%\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=85,11\%\) 

Bài 3: 

PTHH: \(2HNO_3+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HNO_3}=0,05\cdot1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{342\cdot5\%}{171}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,05}{2}< \dfrac{0,1}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit p/ứ hết, Bazơ còn dư sau p/ứ

\(\Rightarrow\) Dung dịch sau p/ứ làm quỳ tím hóa xanh

Theo PTHH: \(n_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HNO_3}=0,025\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,025\cdot261=6,525\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2:

Theo đề bài: \(\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{14,2}\cdot100\%\approx45,07\%\)

PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

               a_________________________\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)a   (mol)

            \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

                b_____________________b     (mol)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=14,2-6,4=7,8\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{14,2}\cdot100\%\approx38,03\%\\\%m_{Mg}=100\%-38,03\%-45,07\%=16,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Qui đổi ½ hh B gồm Al (x mol), Fe (y mol), O (z mol)

=> mB = 2 (mAl + mFe + mO) = 102,78g

Gọi công thức của oxit sắt là Fe_aO_b

=> Fe₂O₃

Đáp án C