4. Read the following passage and choose the option (A, B, C or D) that best answers each of the questions below.

WHO INVENTED POTATO CHIPS

A Native American named George Crum invented potato chips in 1853. He was a chef at a restaurant in Saratoga Springs, New York. A regular item on the menu was fried potatoes, an idea that started in France. At that time, French fried potatoes were into thick slices. One day, a dinner guest sent his fried potatoes back the chef because he did not like them so thick. So, Mr. Crum cut the potatoes a little thinner and fried them. The guest did not like those either. Mr. Crum was very angry. He sliced the potatoes paper-thin and fried them. He just want to show the guest that he was angry but the guest loved the crispy, thin potatoes. Other dinners tried them and also like them. So, Mr. Crum’s potato chips were added to the menu. Eventually, Mr. Crum opened his own restaurant to sell his famous chips. Now potato chips are packaged and sold in grocery stores worldwide.

1. The nationality of the person who invented potato chips is _____.

A. French                    B. American                            C. English                   D. German

2. Fried potatoes firstly appeared in _____.

A. France                    B. the USA                             C. M. Crum’s menu    D. in 1853

3. Initially, French fried potatoes were _____.

A. as thin as potato chips today                                   B. as thick as today potato chips

C. thicker than today potato chips                               D. thinner than today potato chips

4. Mr. Crum invented the potato chips _____.

A. deliberately                                                             B. when he was cooking another dish

C. unintentionally                                                        D. a guest asked him to try to cook it

5.. Mr. Crum’s chips _____.

A. were like by other guests in the restaurant he was working in at that time

B. weren’t added to the menu in the restaurant he was working in

C. are only sold in the USA today

D. made the guest was serving party

Choose the item (A, B, C, or D) that best completes each of the following sentences.

During the first 80 years of the existence of the European settlement in Christchurch (1850-1930), four major earthquakes caused significant damage. The last of these happened in 1922 near Motuno, in the north of Canterbury.

Simulations carried out for New Zealand by the Earthquake Commission (EQC) in 1991 showed that earthquakes with a Mercalli intensity of VIII (significant property damage, life-threatening) and above can recur in Christchurch on average 55 years. The study also highlighted the danger of liquefaction of the alluvial sediments on which the city stands, as well as the high likelihood of damage to the water supply, sewerage, and electrical communications.

About 100 tectonic faults and fissures have been discovered within a radius of 20 km from the center of Christchurch. The nearest faults, capable of causing powerful earthquakes, were found in the Rangiora - Kast region, near Hororata and Darfield. However, the 2010 earthquake struck a previously unknown fault. Seismologists have hypothesized that the main earthquake in 2010 could have been two or three nearly simultaneous earthquakes.

The main quake occurred as a result of shear in the crust of the Pacific Plate near the eastern foothills of the Southern Alps on the western edge of the Canterbury Plain. The epicenter of the earthquake was located approximately 80–90 km southeast of the convergent boundary of the Australian and Pacific plates, passing along the island (Alpine and Hope Fault). Despite the distance from the boundary, the earthquake reflects right lateral movement in one of the many local faults formed as a result of the general relative movement of lithospheric plates and is associated with the spread of the Marlborough fault system to the south during recent geological time.

ANSWER THE QUESTION:

1, The effects of the great earthquake in 1991 ________.

A. damage to property and physical

B. affecting human life interfere.

C. property damage significant, life-threatening, may recur 55-year average.

D. affect the individual rights of the people.

2, What theories do seismologists have about the upcoming earthquake?

A. Make predictions about the earthquake in 2010.

B. Hypothesized that major earthquakes in 2010 maybe two or three earthquakes occur almost simultaneously.

C. It will occur due to a rupture in the crust of the Pacific Plate.

D. Occurs at least 2 or 3 times in 2010.

3, How many earthquakes have occurred in Christchurch?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4, Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the above paragraph?

A. The earthquake can cause damage to the water supply system, sewerage, and electrical communications.

B. Fissures in the Rangiora - Karst region can cause strong earthquakes.

C. Earthquake motion to be reflected by one of the many local faultings.

D. The cause of the earthquake was the destruction of nature.

5, Which sentence is NOT true according to the last paragraph?

A. The main earthquake occurred due to the rupture of the crust of the Pacific plate.

B. The epicenter was located about 80-90 km south-east of the confluence of the Australian and Pacific plates.

C. Earthquake reflects the move right from one of the many local faults.

D. The earthquake is not related to the Marlborough fault system.

I.       Read the following passage and choose the item (a, b, c, or d) that best answers each of the questions about it.

Levi Strauss, a young immigrant from Germany, arrived in San Francisco in 1850. California was in the middle of the Gold Rush. Thousands of men were coming to California to dig for gold. And Strauss came to sell canvas to these gold miners. Canvas is a heavy fabric. So Strauss thought the miners could use the canvas for tents.

One day Strauss heard a miner complain that he couldn't find clothes strong enough for the work he was doing. Strauss got an idea. He quickly took some of his canvas and made it into pants. These pants were what the miners needed. In one day Strauss sold all the pants he had made.

Strauss wanted to improve his pants. He wanted to make them even better. He bought a fabric that was softer than canvas but just as strong. This fabric came from Nimes, a city in France, and was called serge de Nimes. The miners liked this fabric. They called it "denim" (from de Nimes) and bought even more pants from Strauss.

However, denim had no color. Because of this the denim pants did not look very interesting, and they got dirty easily. To solve these problems, Strauss dyed the denim blue.

Strauss continued to improve his jeans. Today, the company he started is known around the world. And jeans are considered not just practical but very fashionable as well.

26. What could be the best title of the passage?  

      a. A Young Immigrant From Germany                  b. The History of Blue Jeans

      c. Serge de Nimes                                                   d. The Gold Rush

27. According to the writer, why did Levi Strauss come to California?

      a. He came to California to dig for gold.               b. He came to California to sell pants.

      c. He came to California to buy denim.                 d. He came to California to sell canvas.

28. Blue jeans _____.

      a. did not look very interesting                               b. are considered not practical

      c. got dirty easily                                                    d. are considered good for many uses

29. What is the meaning of the word “immigrant” in the first paragraph?

      a. person who is good in business                          b. person who buys and sells things

      c. person who moves to another country               d. person who works in a mine

30. Which of the following is not true?

      a. Levi Strauss was the first person to make blue jeans.

      b. Strauss made his first jeans from a fabric called serge de Nimes.

      c. The first jeans were very strong.

      d. Nimes is a city in France.

I.       Choose the item among a, b, c or d that best answers  the question about the passage.

A young man from Germany named Levi Strauss arrived in California in 1850. He went there to sell things to the miners. He saw that the miners needed strong pants, so he began to make them. He used cloth that people made tents from. He put rivets on the pockets to make them strong and lasted a long time. The pants became very popular immediately.

Later, Mr. Strauss started making jeans from cotton cloth from Nimes, France. People called this cloth denim. Denim was popular in the fifteenth century. Christopher Columbus used denim for the sails of his ships. Sailors in Genoa, Italy, wore denim pants. The word “jeans” comes from the word “Genoa”. Mr. Strauss made the first jeans in the United States, but the idea and the kind of cloth came from Europe. The names came from France and Italy.

Jeans were always blue until recently. People used indigo to dye them. Indigo is the oldest dye in the world. Most jeans have blue threads going across and white threads going up and down. These two colors make denim look different from other kinds of cloth.

36. The word “denim” comes from the name of a city in _____.

      a. France                       b. India                              c. Italy                               d. Germany

37. The word “jeans” is from the name of a city in _____.

      a. France                       b. the United States          c. Italy                               d. Germany

38. Levi Strauss went to California to _____.

      a. sell things to miners                                            b. look for gold

      c. make jeans                                                          d. be a sailor

39. Rivets _____.

      a. make good sails                                                  b. make tents strong         

      c. come from Genoa                                               d. make the pockets of jeans strong

40. Cloth is made from thousands of _____.

      a. tents                          b. sails                               c. factories                         d. threads