5D. Defining and non-defining relative clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và không xác định.)

6. Choose the correct answer (a-d). Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

(Chọn câu trả lời đúng (a-d). Đôi khi có thể có nhiều hơn một câu trả lời.)

1. I met a boy ______ brother is in my class. 

a. whose       b. that     c. which     d. no pronoun 

2. He's the man ______ I saw on the train. 

a. who           b. that     c. which    d. no pronoun 

3. Is that the dictionary _____ you bought yesterday? 

a. which         b. that     c. where    d. no pronoun 

4. Show me the computer _____ you got for your birthday. 

a. that            b. which   c. who     d. no pronoun 

5. Is that the cafe _____ you worked last summer? 

a. that             b. which  c. where   d. no pronoun 

6. New Year's Day is the day ______ comes after New Year's Eve. 

a. which           b. who     c. that     d. no pronoun

I. Underline the Relative clauses and write Defining or Non-difining clauses.
Gạch chân mệnh đề quan hệ. Xác định loại mệnh đề quan hệ

1. We lit a fire which soon dried out clothes.

2. The report which should have taken an hour and a half, took three hours.

3. The children who I was looking after were terribly spoilt.

4. She thanked him for the kind help that she received.

5. There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box from which I was phoning.

6. The man who was driving us didn’t know the way.

7. The Smiths whose house was destroyed in the explosion, were given rooms in the hotel.

8. The car which we hired from the airport broke down on the road.

9. My boss who I really wanted to see, was too busy to meet anyone.

10. Mr. and Mrs. Jones who were out playing cards, knew nothing of the burglary.

7. Look at the highlighted examples of non-defining relative clauses in the text. Circle the correct words below. 

(Nhìn vào các ví dụ được tô sáng về mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định trong văn bản. Khoanh tròn các từ đúng dưới đây.)

LEARN THIS! Non-defining relative clauses

a. In non-defining relative clauses, we use who, which, where and whose, but we do not use that.

b. A non-defining relative clause: 

comes immediately (1) before / after a noun and gives us information about that noun.

adds extra information to the sentence; the sentence (2) makes sense / does not make sense without it.

(3) has / doesn't have a comma at the start. It has a comma or a full stop at the end.

Exercise 2: Decide whether the clause in italics is Defining(D) or Non-defining (N). Write Dor N next to each sentence.

Question 1: The bus which leaves at 5. 30 doesn't stop at Cornwall...           ______

Question 2: The food which was left was eaten the following day.                 ______

Question 3: His room which was small was filled with piles of old books.   ______

Question 4: The bike which he wanted to buy was too expensive.                 ______

Question 5: These students who were late waited in the playground.                        ______

Question 6: The girl who was waiting was becoming impatient.                     ______

Question 7: Jane who was wearing a hat waited outside the room.                ______

Question 8: My dog which was lying on the sofa had long pointed ears.       ______

Question 9: Las Vegas, which is located in the State of Nevada,

 is well-known for its casinos and night clubs.                              ______

Question 10: My uncle, who works for a market research company,

is now on a tour of South-East Asian countries.                         ______

Mọi người giúp em với ;-;

Viết lại các câu dưới đây theo 2 cách có chứa mênh để quan hệ xác định (Defining) và không xác đinh (Non-defining).

1. Peter Pan will visit my aunt this Sunday. Peter Pan was my classmate.

Defining: 

Non-defining: 

2. Kenny is in my class. Kenny is the lovely boy

Defining: 

Non-defining: 

3. Mary is arguing with Peggy. Peggy is the horrible person

Defining: 

Non-defining: 

4. I will going shopping with Anna. Anna is the hardworking person.

Defining: 

Non-defining: 

b. Combine the sentences using non-defining relative clauses.

(Kết hợp các câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)

1. George Beauchamp was an American inventor. He invented the electric guitar in 1932.

(George Beauchamp là một nhà phát minh người Mỹ. Ông đã phát minh ra guitar điện vào năm 1932.)

→ George Beauchamp, who was an American inventor, invented the electric guitar in 1932.

(George Beauchamp, một nhà phát minh người Mỹ, đã phát minh ra đàn guitar điện vào năm 1932.)

2. Philo T. Farnsworth was the first television's inventor. He invented it in 1927.

(Philo T. Farnsworth là người phát minh ra tivi đầu tiên. Ông đã phát minh ra nó vào năm 1927.)

3. Tom Kilburn developed the first software in 1948. He worked for the University of Manchester.

(Tom Kilburn đã phát triển phần mềm đầu tiên vào năm 1948. Ông làm việc cho Đại học Manchester.)

4. Edward Jenner created the first vaccine in 1796. He was a country doctor in England.

(Edward Jenner đã tạo ra vắc-xin đầu tiên vào năm 1796. Ông là một bác sĩ nông thôn ở Anh.)

 Rewrite the pairs of sentences as one sentence using a defining or non-defining relative clause. 

1 I work for a man. The man’s farm covers thousands of acres.

I work ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The spacecraft is called Vostok 3KA. It took Yuri Gagarin into space.

The spacecraft ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. She likes her father’s career. Her father pursued this career all his life.

She likes …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. He admires the teacher. That teacher initiated building the school library.

He admires ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. My grandfather used to be an astronaut. He has been retired for ten years now.

My grandfather……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Students will have to make their own learning decisions. This will be hard for many of them.
Students …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Make a non - defining relative clause from the two sentences:
1. Catherine ruled Russia for over 30 years. She made many important changes.
-> 
2. The woman next door is moving next month. I met her for the first time last week.
-> 
3. Starbucks wants to open new stores in China. It does business all over the world. 
-> 
4. I met Julie in the Italian restaurant. She was working as a waitress there.
-> 
5. The Games International Company has just gone bankrupt. We have done business with them for many years.
-> 
6. Our professor of psychology has written some very interesting books. I always attend her lectures.
-> 
7. Jane has decided to go and teach abroad. It will be an interesting experience for her.
-> 
8. My two cousins are coming to visit next week. I have seen neither off them for ten years.
-> 
9. And then Mary walked in. We had been talking about her eariler.
-> 
10. The last time I went to Scotland was in May. The weather was very beatiful then.
->

c. Use the information in the table to write sentences with non-defining relative clauses.

(Sử dụng thông tin trong bảng để viết câu với mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)

1. (who/job/what/when) Hans Lipperhey, who was a glasses maker, invented the telescope in 1608.

(Hans Lipperhey, một nhà sản xuất kính, đã phát minh ra kính thiên văn vào năm 1608.)

2. (what/when/who) ____________________________

3. (what/when/who) ____________________________

4. (who/job/what) ______________________________