Mark the letter a, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest meaning to each of the following questions or indicate the correct answer to each of them from 1 to 7

It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species’ death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.

The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species become extinct at the same time- a mass extinction. One of the best- known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when appropriately 95 percent of all species died. Mass extinction can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the ocean. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.

One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.

According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossil suggests that

A. extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth’s history

B. dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed

C. extinctions on Earth have generally been massive

D. there has been only one mass extinction in Earth’s history

Mark the letter a, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest meaning to each of the following questions or indicate the correct answer to each of them from 1 to 7

It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species’ death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.

The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species become extinct at the same time- a mass extinction. One of the best- known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when appropriately 95 percent of all species died. Mass extinction can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the ocean. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.

One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.

The underlined word “demise” is closest in meaning to

A. help

B. change

C. death

D. recovery

Mark the letter a, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest meaning to each of the following questions or indicate the correct answer to each of them from 1 to 7

It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species’ death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.

The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species become extinct at the same time- a mass extinction. One of the best- known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when appropriately 95 percent of all species died. Mass extinction can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the ocean. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.

One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.

The underlined word “ultimately” is closest in meaning to

A. eventually

B. unfortunately

C. dramatically

D. exceptionally

I. Circle A, B, C or D to choose the words with different stress
1. A. pursue B. enrol C,.equal D. repeat
2. A. lonely B. alone C. major D. famous
3. A. income B. workforce C. nature Dmature
4. A. knowledge B. challenge C .enjoy D. labor
5. A. pretty B. freedom C. happen D. begin
II. Give the correct form of the verb in brackets in the passive voice
1. A new monitor will be selected (will/select) by the members of the class next semester.
2. Information (can/find) due to the aid of the Internet.
3. If you want your car to be in good condition, it (must/service) frequently.
4. Students (not/should/give) everything about the subjects by their lecturers. They need to be creative and
discover new knowledge.
5. This house (must/sell) within 2 months.
6. When people have experienced something terrible, funny things (can/do).
7. A valid work permit (must/hold) by all employees.
8. Advice from the experts (should/take) by the government before making the new law.
9. Cultural differences (ought to/consider) by companies when engaging in business with overseas
organizations.
10. Some changes to our lives (must/ make) if we want to reduce pollution
III. Change the following sentences into passive voice.
1. You should finish the work before you leave.
_________________________________________________.
2. You can serve this wine with chicken or fish.
_________________________________________________
3.
We will elect a new government next year.
_________________________________________________
4. They might give him an award.
_________________________________________________
5. You must give students enough time to finish.
_________________________________________________.
6. You should keep flowers in a warm sunny place.
________________________________________________.
7. Nobody can solve the mystery.
__________________________________________________.
IV> Choose the best answer
1. You should ____________ attention to what your teacher is saying.
A. take B. give C. have D. pay
2. Chung Cake (square sticky rice cake), pho (rice noodles), Nem (spring rolls) are the _______food in
Vietnam.

A. Tradition B. traditional C. traditionally D. traditionalism
3. Table __________ are always paid attention to by the British.
A. Meaning B. meals C. manners D. decoration
4. Amish’s wedding __________ in the spring.
A. Take after B. take over C. take place D. take along
5. The newly-wedding couple plan to spend their ____________ in India.
A. Honeymoon B. ceremony C. bride D. groom
6. Some people think that married women ________ pursue a career.
A. shouldn’t B. might not C. mustn’t D. might not
7. We _________ stop when traffic lights are red.
A. must B. should C. might D. can
8. Remember to bring your raincoat. It ____________ rain.
A. might B. should C. can D. must
9. You ________ pick those flowers. Don’t you see the sign?
A. mustn’t B. don’t need to C. can’t D. needn’t
10 .It’s late. I think we............. better go now.
A. had B. have C. should D. would
11. We................................ take a bus to the school. It’s too far to walk.
A. have to B. must C. may D. ought
12. You................... be very tall to play football.
A. don’t have to B. mustn’t C. may not D. can’t
13. We ………… get there on time. The boss is away today.
A. mustn’t B. don’t have to C. can’t D. couldn’t
14. I _______ find my own way there. You _______ wait for me.
a. should / can't b. have to / must c. can / needn't d. might / mustn't
15. Jane gave me a letter to post. I _________ forget to post it.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. won’t
16. Jane gave me a letter to post. I _________ remember to post it.
A. must B. mustn’t C. can D. might
17. The picnic ________ because Peter has just had a traffic accident.
a. will cancel b. will be cancelling c. will be cancelled d. will have cancelled
18. Things ________ clear to them so that they can do the work in the way that you have told them.
a. are making b. ought to be made c. have made d. needn't be made
19. Cigarettes ________ at a bakery.
a. most buy b. cannot buy c. cannot be bought d. should not buy
29. All traffic laws ________.
a. is observed b. must be observed c. must have observed d. had better observe
21. This letter ________, not handwritten.
a. should be typing b. should be typed c. needn't type d. needn't be typed
22. Fruits ________ in a freezer.
a. should not put b. should not be put c. must put d. must be putting
23. The last decision ________.
a. will be made by the manager b. needn't be finished / will be having
c. that will be made by the manager d. must be finished / can have
24. The package ________ carefully before it ________.
a. must be wrapped / is posted b. needs wrapping / will be posted
c. should wrap / is going to be posted d. will be wrapping / needs posting
25. Shall we start working __________ our project “Equal opportunity in education?”
A. on B. out C. at D. in

Mark the letter a, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest meaning to each of the following questions or indicate the correct answer to each of them from 1 to 7

It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species’ death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.

The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species become extinct at the same time- a mass extinction. One of the best- known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when appropriately 95 percent of all species died. Mass extinction can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the ocean. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.

One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.

Why is “plankton” mentioned in the second paragraph?

A. To demonstrate the interdependence of different species

B. To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those that live in the ocean

C. To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction

D. To point out that certain species could never become extinct

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

    It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species’ death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food Resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.

    The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time – a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago. When approximately 95 percent of all species died, mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.

          One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events

Which of the following can be inferred from the theory of periodic extinction mentioned in paragraph 3? 

A. Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it 

B. Evidence to support the theory has recently been found

C. The theory is no longer seriously considered

D. Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

        It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species' death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food Resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.

        The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time - a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago. When approximately 95 percent of all species died, mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.

        One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.

Which of the following can be inferred from the theory of periodic extinction mentioned in paragraph 3?

A. Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it 

B. Evidence to support the theory has recently been found. 

C. The theory is no longer seriously considered. 

D. Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species' death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be adapted. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.

The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time - a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died. Mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, even affect organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.

One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. The periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the earth's orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species' survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of revolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.

Question 49: Which of the following can be inferred from the theory of periodic extinction mentioned in paragraph 3?

A. many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.

B. most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.

C. the theory is no longer seriously considered.

D. evidence to support the theory has recently been found.