Bài 1:

                    \(x^2-8x+y^2+6y+25=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x^2-8x+16\right)+\left(y^2+6y+9\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x-4\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}x-4=0\\y+3=0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=-3\end{cases}}\)

Vậy...

Bài 2: 

Phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là    x = -2/3    nên ta có:

          \(\left(4+a\right).\frac{-2}{3}=a-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(-\frac{8}{3}-\frac{2}{3}a=a-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+\frac{2}{3}a=2-\frac{8}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{5}{3}a=-\frac{2}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=-\frac{2}{5}\)

Bài 3:

\(A=a^4-2a^3+3a^2-4a+5\)

\(=a^3\left(a-1\right)-a^2\left(a-1\right)+2a\left(a-1\right)-2\left(a-1\right)+3\)

\(=\left(a-1\right)\left(a^3-a^2+2a-2\right)+3\)

\(=\left(a-1\right)\left[a^2\left(a-1\right)+2\left(a-1\right)\right]+3\)

\(=\left(a-1\right)^2\left(a^2+2\right)+3\ge3\)

\(\text{Vậy Min A=3. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi }a-1=0\Leftrightarrow a=1\)

Bài 4:

\(xy-3x+2y=13\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(y-3\right)+2\left(y-3\right)=7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(y-3\right)=7=1.7=7.1=-1.-7=-7.-1\)

Vậy...

Bài 5:

\(xy-x-3y=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(y-1\right)-3\left(y-1\right)=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(y-1\right)=5=1.5=5.1=-1.-5=-5.-1\)

Vậy....

Áp dụng bđt Cô-si \(1=x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)

              \(\Rightarrow xy\le\frac{1}{2}\)

Ta có \(A=\frac{-2xy}{1+xy}\ge\frac{-\frac{2.1}{2}}{1+\frac{1}{2}}=-\frac{2}{3}\)

\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)

3x=2y

nên x/2=y/3

Đặt x/2=y/3=k

=>x=2k; y=3k

\(P=\dfrac{\left(2k\right)^2-2k\cdot3k+\left(3k\right)^2}{\left(2k\right)^2+2k\cdot3k+\left(3k\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{4k^2-6k^2+9k^2}{4k^2+6k^2+9k^2}=\dfrac{4-6+9}{4+6+9}=\dfrac{7}{19}\)

có: \(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy}=\dfrac{1}{1-2xy}\)(1)

có \(\dfrac{1}{xy}=\dfrac{2}{2xy}\left(2\right)\)

từ(1)(2)=>A=\(\dfrac{1}{1-2xy}+\dfrac{2}{2xy}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}{1}=\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)^2\)

=>Min A=(1+\(\sqrt{2}\))^2

b, ta có : \(x+y=1=>2x+2y=2\)

\(B=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{3}{4xy}=\dfrac{4}{4x^2+4y^2}+\dfrac{6}{8xy}\)\(\ge\dfrac{\left(2+\sqrt{6}\right)^2}{\left(2x+2y\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(2+\sqrt{6}\right)^2}{2^2}=\dfrac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{2}\)=>\(B\ge\dfrac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{2}\)

=>\(MinB=\dfrac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{2}\)

A>=1/(1+xy)=1/2

Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=1

\(x+y=4xy\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=4\)

\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}>=\frac{4}{x+y}\Rightarrow4>=\frac{4}{x+y}\Rightarrow x+y>=1\)(bđt svacxo)

\(x^2+y^2>=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2};xy< =\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=x^2+y^2-xy>=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}-\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}>=\frac{1^2}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\)

dấu = xảy ra khi \(x+y=1;x=y\Rightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\left(tm\right)\)

vậy min P là \(\frac{1}{4}\)khi x=y=\(\frac{1}{2}\)