tính \(A=3\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{5}}+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{5}-1}\)
\(B=\sqrt{2018^2+2018^22019^2+2019^2}\)
Bài 1: Rút gọn biểu thức sau:
a. \(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}}\)
b. \(B=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{2018\sqrt{2017}+2017\sqrt{2018}}\)
a/ Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}=\sqrt{2019}-1\)
a.\(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}}{\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)}=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}=\sqrt{2019}-1\)
b/ \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2017}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2018}}=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2018}}\)
Rút gọn:
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{2019\sqrt{2018}+2018\sqrt{2019}}\)
Lời giải:
Xét số hạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n})}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n})(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}(n+1-n)}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Do đó:
\(S=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2018}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2019}}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2019}}\)
thực hiện phép tính:
a)\(\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}}\)
b)\(\sqrt{8-2\sqrt{15}}+\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}\)
1.
Đặt biểu thức là $A$
Ta thấy:
$\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{(1+\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{2}-1)}=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2-1}=\sqrt{2}-1$
Tương tự với các phân số còn lại và công theo vế thì:
$A=(\sqrt{2}-1)+(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+...+(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018})$
$=\sqrt{2019}-1$
2.
$\sqrt{8-2\sqrt{15}}=\sqrt{5-2\sqrt{5.3}+3}+\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{3.1}+1}$
$=\sqrt{(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3})^2}+\sqrt{(\sqrt{3}-1)^2}$
$=|\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}|+|\sqrt{3}-1|$
$=\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}-1=\sqrt{5}-1$
rút gon biểu thức:
1, \(\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{1+a}}{\sqrt{1+a}-\sqrt{1-a}}+\dfrac{1-a}{\sqrt{1-a^2}-1+a}\right)\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}-1}-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)
2, \(\dfrac{1+2019\sqrt{2018}-2018\sqrt{2019}}{\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018.2019}}\)
1)
DKCĐ: a>0,\(a\ne1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{1+a}}{\sqrt{1+a}-\sqrt{1-a}}+\dfrac{1-a}{\sqrt{1-a^2}-1+a}\right)\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}}{a}-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{1+a}}{\sqrt{1+a}-\sqrt{1-a}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{1-a}}{\sqrt{1+a}-\sqrt{1-a}}\right)\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}-1}{a}\right)\)\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{1+a}+\sqrt{1-a}}{\sqrt{1+a}-\sqrt{1-a}}.\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}-1}{a}\\ =\dfrac{1+a+1-a+2\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)}}{\left(1+a\right)-\left(1-a\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}-1}{a}\)\(=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)}+1\right)}{2a}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}-1}{a}\\ =\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)}+1}{a}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}-1}{a}\\ =\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)}-1\right)}{a^2}\\ =\dfrac{\left(1+a\right)\left(1-a\right)-1}{a^2}\\ =\dfrac{1-a^2-1}{a^2}\\ =\dfrac{-a^2}{a^2}\\ =-1\)
Bài 1: Cho A = \(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{100\sqrt{99}+99\sqrt{100}}\)
So sánh A với 1
Bài 2: Tính
A = \(\left(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2}+1}+\dfrac{14}{2\sqrt{2}-1}-\dfrac{4}{2-\sqrt{2}}\right).\left(\sqrt{8}+2\right)\)
Bài 3: Tính tổng
S=\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}}\)
Bài 1:Với mọi n∈N*,ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Do đó :
A=\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}=1-\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{9}{10}\)
Bài 2:
\(A=\left(3\sqrt{2}-3+4\sqrt{2}+2-4-2\sqrt{2}\right)\cdot\left(2\sqrt{2}+2\right)\)
\(=\left(5\sqrt{2}-5\right)\left(2\sqrt{2}+2\right)\)
=10
1. Giải \(a,\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{9x}+\sqrt{25x}=8\) \(b,\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4x}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{9x}}-\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{36x}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
2. \(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1\cdot2018}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\cdot2017}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k\left(2018-k+1\right)}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2018\cdot1}}\)
So sánh A với \(2\cdot\dfrac{2018}{2019}\)
3.Cho abc=201. Tính\(\dfrac{201a}{ab+201+a+201}+\dfrac{b}{cb+b+201}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
4.\(B=\left(\dfrac{1-x^3}{1-x}+x\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1+x^3}{1+x}-x\right)\) a, Rút gọn B b, tìm x để B=64
5. Tìm x: \(\left|x-2\right|-2\left|x+1\right|=3-2\left(1-2x\right)\)
Bài 1:
a: \(\Leftrightarrow2-3\sqrt{x}+5\sqrt{x}=8\)
=>2 căn x=6
=>căn x=3
=>x=9
b: \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{2}{3}:\dfrac{2}{3}=1\)
=>x=1
1/Giải phương trình:
a. \(3x+4y=5\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\)
b. \(\dfrac{xy\sqrt{z-5}+xz\sqrt{y-4}+yz\sqrt{x-3}}{xyz}=\dfrac{10\sqrt{3}+15+6\sqrt{5}}{60}\)
c. \(\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{x}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{x^2+x+1}}=\dfrac{2018}{2019}\)
d.\(\sqrt{x+x^2}+\sqrt{x-x^2}=x+1\)
e. \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y-1}}{y}=1\)
2/Giải phương trình:
a.\(\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{2x-3}=\dfrac{1-x}{2x-3}\)
b.\(x^2+\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x+1\right)^2}=3\)
Rút gọn \(\frac{1-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}{1+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1-\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}{1+\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{1-\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}}{1+\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}}\)
Tính: \(A=\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}}+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}}+...+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{2018^2}+\dfrac{1}{2019^2}}\)
Lời giải:
Xét \(1+\frac{1}{n^2}+\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}=(1+\frac{1}{n})^2-\frac{2}{n}+\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{n+1}{n}\right)^2+\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}-\frac{2}{n}\)
\(=\left(\frac{n+1}{n}\right)^2+\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}-2.\frac{n+1}{n}.\frac{1}{n+1}\)
\(=\left(\frac{n+1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)^2=\left(1+\frac{1}{n(n+1)}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n^2}+\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}}=1+\frac{1}{n(n+1)}\)
Do đó:
\(A=1+\frac{1}{1.2}+1+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+1+\frac{1}{2018.2019}\)
\(=2018+\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2018.2019}\)
\(=2018+\frac{2-1}{1.2}+\frac{3-2}{2.3}+...+\frac{2019-2018}{2018.2019}=2018+1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}\)
\(=2019-\frac{1}{2019}\)
co cong thuc \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+1\right)^2}}=\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{a+1}\) ban tu chung minh nha