\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{150.14,6\%}{100\%}:36,5=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)

0,1 -------> 0,2 -------->0,1---------------> 0,1

Xét \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,6}{2}\)=> axit dư.

\(n_{HCl.dư}=0,6-0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{dd}=10+150-0,1.44=155,6\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.111.100\%}{155,6}=7,13\%\)

\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5.100\%}{155,6}=9,38\%\)

a, \(CaCO_3+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Ca+CO_2+H_2O\)

b, \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)

c, \(n_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Ca}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{CH_3COOH}=2n_{CaCO_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CH_3COOH}=0,2.60=12\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddCH_3COOH}=\dfrac{12}{5\%}=240\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 10 + 240 - 0,1.44 = 245,6 (g)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Ca}=\dfrac{0,1.158}{245,6}.100\%\approx6,43\%\)

a)

$CaCO_3 + 2CH_3COOH \to (CH_3COO)_2Ca + CO_2 + H_2O$
b)

$n_{CaCO_3} = \dfrac{10}{100} = 0,1(mol)$
Theo PTHH : 

$n_{CO_2} = n_{CaCO_3} = 0,1(mol)$
$V_{CO_2} = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(lít)$

c)

$n_{CH_3COOH} = 2n_{CaCO_3} = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{dd\ CH_3COOH} = \dfrac{0,2.60}{5\%} = 240(gam)$
$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 10 + 240 - 0,1.44 = 245,6(gam)$
$n_{(CH_3COO)_2Ca} = n_{CaCO_3} = 0,1(mol)$
$C\%_{(CH_3COO)_2Ca} = \dfrac{0,1.158}{245,6}.100\% = 6,4\%$

nH2 = 6,12/22,4 = 0,27 (mol)

PTHH :

2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2

0,18...0,54............0,18.......0,27

mAl = 0,18 . 27 =4,86 (g)

%mAl = 4,86 . 100 / 10 =48,6%

=> % mCu = 100% - 48,6% = 51,4%
\(mddHCl=\frac{0,54\cdot36,5\cdot100}{14,6}=135\left(g\right)\)

mdd sau phản ứng = 4,86 + 135 - 6,12 =133,74 (g)

\(C\%=\frac{0,18\cdot133,05}{133,74}\cdot100=17,9\%\)

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{65}{65}=1mol\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8mol\)

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

 1    <   0,8                              ( mol )

0,4        0,8           0,4        0,4    ( mol )

\(m_{ddspứ}=200+65-0,4.2=264,2g\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,4.136}{264,2}.100=14,93\%\\C\%_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,4.2}{264,2}.100=0,3\%\\C\%_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(1-0,4\right).65}{264,2}.100=14,76\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a. PTHH: Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl₂ + H₂↑

b. Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(lít\right)\)

c. Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{Mg}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(C_{\%_{HCl}}=\dfrac{14,6}{m_{dd_{HCl}}}.100\%=20\%\)

=> \(m_{dd_{HCl}}=73\left(g\right)\)

d. Ta có: \(m_{dd_{MgCl_2}}=73+4,8-\left(0,2.2\right)=77,4\left(g\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)

=> \(C_{\%_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{19}{77,4}.100\%=24,5\%\)

a, PTHH : \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)

\(n_{CaCO_3}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{10}{100}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=C_M.V=2.0,02=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

- Theo PTHH : \(n_{CaCO_3}=\frac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,04.\frac{1}{2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

=> Sau phản ứng CaCO₃ còn dư ( dư \(0,1-0,02=0,08\left(mol\right)\) ), HCl phản ứng hết .

- Theo PTHH : \(n_{CO_2}=\frac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=\frac{1}{2}.0,04=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(V_{CO_2}=n.22,4=0,02.22,4=0,448\left(l\right)\)

b, - Theo PTHH : \(n_{CaCl_2}=\frac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=\frac{1}{2}0,04=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{MCaCl_2}=\frac{n}{V}=\frac{0,02}{0,02}=1\left(M\right)\\C_{MCaCO_3}=\frac{n}{V}=\frac{0,08}{0,02}=4\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Gọi \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=a\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{Cu}=3a\left(mol\right)\)

\(232a+64.3a=21,2\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=125.14,6\%=18,25\left(g\right)\)

PTHH:

Fe₃O₄ + 8HCl ---> FeCl₂ + 2FeCl₃ + 4H₂O

0,05------>0,4------->0,05---->0,1

\(m_X=0,05.3.64=9,6\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{dd}=232.0,05+125=136,6\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05.127}{136,6}.100\%=4,65\%\\C\%_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.162,5}{136,6}.100\%=11,9\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{18,25-0,4.36,5}{136,6}=2,67\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

0,1        0,3          0,1        0,15                ( mol )

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5.100}{14,6}=75g\)

\(m_{ddspứ}=2,7+75-0,15.2=77,4g\)

\(C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{77,4}.100=17,24\%\)

\(C\%_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,15.2}{77,4}.100=0,38\%\)