Đặt \(f\left(A,B,C\right)=cosA+cosB+cosC+\dfrac{1}{sinA}+\dfrac{1}{sinB}+\dfrac{1}{sinC}-2\sqrt{3}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Ta có: \(f\left(A,B,C\right)-f\left(A,\dfrac{B+C}{2},\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\)

\(=\left(cosB+cosC-2cos\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{sinB}+\dfrac{1}{sinC}-\dfrac{2}{sin\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)}\right)\)

\(=2cos\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\left(cos\left(\dfrac{B-C}{2}\right)-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{sinB}+\dfrac{1}{sinC}-\dfrac{2}{sin\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)}\right)\left(1\right)\)

Bên cạnh đó ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{sinB}+\dfrac{1}{sinC}-\dfrac{2}{sin\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{sinB+sinC}-\dfrac{2}{sin\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)}=\dfrac{4\left(1-cos\left(\dfrac{B-C}{2}\right)\right)}{sinB+sinC}\)

Do đó \(\left(1\right)\ge2\left(1-cos\left(\dfrac{B-C}{2}\right)\right)\left(\dfrac{2}{sinB+sinC}-cos\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\right)\)

\(=\left(1-cos\left(\dfrac{B-C}{2}\right)\right)\left(\dfrac{1-sin\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)cos\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)cos\left(\dfrac{B-C}{2}\right)}{sinB+sinC}\right)\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow f\left(A,B,C\right)\ge f\left(A,\dfrac{B+C}{2},\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\)

Giờ ta chỉ cần chứng minh bất đẳng thức đúng trong trường hợp tam giác cân.

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}B=\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\dfrac{A}{2}\\cosB=cosC=\dfrac{sinA}{2}\\sinB=sinC=\dfrac{cosA}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(f\left(A,\dfrac{B+C}{2},\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)=\left(cosA+2sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{sinA}+\dfrac{2}{cos\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)}-2\sqrt{3}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{-2\left(sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)-1\right)^2}{2}+\dfrac{1+4sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)-2\sqrt{3}sinA}{sinA}\)

Mà ta có: \(1\ge sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow8sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)\ge2\sqrt{3}sinA+4sin^2\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow1+4sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)-2\sqrt{3}sinA\ge4sin^2\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)-4sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)+1=\left(2sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}-1\right)\right)^2\)

Từ đó ta suy ra:

\(f\left(A,\dfrac{B+C}{2},\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\ge\left(2sin-1\right)^2\left(\dfrac{1}{sinA}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\ge0\)

Vậy bài toán đã được chứng minh. Dấu = xảy ra khi \(A=B=C=\dfrac{\pi}{3}\)

Hàm số \(f\left(x\right)=\cos\left(x\right)+\dfrac{1}{\sin\left(x\right)}\) là hàm lồi trên \(\left(0,\pi\right)\)

Do đó theo BĐT Jensen ( trường hợp của Karamata) có:

\(f\left(A\right)+f\left(B\right)+f\left(c\right)\ge3f\left(\dfrac{A+B+C}{3}\right)=3f\left(\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)=2\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{3}{2}\)

P/s:Tính độ "lầy" của hàm số:

\(f''(x)=-\cos(x)-\frac{1}{\sin(x)}+\frac{2}{(\sin(x))^3}\)

Và cho \(x\in (0,\pi);f''(x)>0\) nếu \(2>(\sin(x))^2(\sin(x)\cos(x)+1)\) là xài dc Jensen :D

tau chịu

A

sinA/2.cos^3(B/2)=sinB/2.cos^3(A/2)
sinA/2.cos(B/2)[ 1 - sin^2B/2]=sinB/2.cos(A/2)[1 -sin^2A/2]
sinA/2.cosB/2 - sinB/2.cosA/2 = 1/2sinA/2.sinB/2[ sinB - sinA]
sin(A-B)/2 = sinA/2.sinB/2 cos(A+B)/2.sin(A-B)/2
sin(A-B)/2[ 1 - sinA/2.sinB/2 cos(A+B)/2] = 0
Vì [1 - sinA/2.sinB/2 cos(A+B)/2] >0
=> sin(A-B)/2 =0
=> A = B

Vì A+B+C=180^{\circ}A+B+C=180∘ nên V T=\dfrac{\sin ^{3} \dfrac{B}{2}}{\cos \left(\dfrac{180^{\circ}-B}{2}\right)}+\dfrac{\cos ^{3} \dfrac{B}{2}}{\sin \left(\dfrac{180^{\circ}-B}{2}\right)}-\dfrac{\cos \left(180^{\circ}-B\right)}{\sin B} \cdot \tan BVT=cos(2180∘−B​)sin32B​​+sin(2180∘−B​)cos32B​​−sinBcos(180∘−B)​⋅tanB.

V T=\dfrac{\sin ^{3} \dfrac{B}{2}}{\cos \left(\dfrac{180^{\circ}-B}{2}\right)}+\dfrac{\cos ^{3} \dfrac{B}{2}}{\sin \left(\dfrac{180^{\circ}-B}{2}\right)}-\dfrac{\cos \left(180^{\circ}-B\right)}{\sin B} \cdot \tan BVT=cos(2180∘−B​)sin32B​​+sin(2180∘−B​)cos32B​​−sinBcos(180∘−B)​⋅tanB =\dfrac{\sin ^{3} \dfrac{B}{2}}{\sin \dfrac{B}{2}}+\dfrac{\cos ^{3} \dfrac{B}{2}}{\cos \dfrac{B}{2}}-\dfrac{-\cos B}{\sin B} \cdot \tan B=\sin ^{2} \dfrac{B}{2}+\cos ^{2} \dfrac{B}{2}+1=2=V P=sin2B​sin32B​​+cos2B​cos32B​​−sinB−cosB​⋅tanB=sin22B​+cos22B​+1=2=VP

Suy ra điều phải chứng minh.

\(cosA+cosB+cosC\le\dfrac{3}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow2cos\dfrac{A+B}{2}.cos\dfrac{A-B}{2}+1-2sin^2\dfrac{C}{2}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow Sin^2\dfrac{C}{2}-sin\dfrac{C}{2}.cos\dfrac{A-B}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(sin\dfrac{C}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}cos\dfrac{A-B}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}cos^2\dfrac{A-B}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(sin\dfrac{C}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}cos\dfrac{A-B}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1-cos^2\dfrac{A-B}{2}\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(sin\dfrac{C}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}cos\dfrac{A-B}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}sin^2\dfrac{A-B}{2}\ge0\)=> Luôn đúng

=>đpcm

.jkilfo,o7m5ijk

 Ta có $\sin 5\alpha -2\sin \alpha \left(\cos 4\alpha +\cos 2\alpha \right)=\sin 5\alpha -2\sin \alpha .\cos 4\alpha -2\sin \alpha .\cos 2\alpha$

$=\sin 5\alpha -\left(\sin 5\alpha -\sin 3\alpha \right)-\left(\sin 3\alpha -\sin \alpha \right)$

$=\sin \alpha .$

Vậy $\sin 5\alpha -2\sin \alpha \left(\cos 4\alpha +\cos 2\alpha \right)=\sin \alpha$

Không ai thảo luận câu này sao. T khởi động trước nhá.

Ta có: \(\cos\left(\dfrac{A-B}{2}\right)=\dfrac{\cos\left(\dfrac{A-B}{2}\right).\cos\left(\dfrac{A+B}{2}\right)}{\sin\dfrac{C}{2}}\)

\(=\dfrac{\cos A+\cos B}{2\sqrt{\dfrac{1-\cos C}{2}}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ca}}{2\sqrt{\dfrac{1-\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}}{2}}}\)

\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(c^2-\left(a-b\right)^2\right)}{abc}}{2\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2-\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}}}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{c^2-\left(a-b\right)^2}}{2c\sqrt{ab}}\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{c^2-\left(a-b\right)^2}}{2c\sqrt{ab}}\le\dfrac{a+b}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2abc^2}{c^2-\left(a-b\right)^2}\ge a^2+b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2abc^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2-\left(a-b\right)^2\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2-c^2\right)\ge0\) (đúng vì tam giác ABC nhọn)

\(\Rightarrow\cos\left(\dfrac{A-B}{2}\right)\le\dfrac{a+b}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}\left(1\right)\)

Tương tự ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\cos\left(\dfrac{B-C}{2}\right)\le\dfrac{b+c}{\sqrt{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}\left(2\right)\\\cos\left(\dfrac{C-A}{2}\right)\le\dfrac{c+a}{\sqrt{2\left(c^2+a^2\right)}}\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Cộng (1), (2), (3) vế theo vế ta được ĐPCM.