n_Al = \(\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\) mol

n_O2 = \(\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2\) mol

Pt: 4Al + 3O₂ --to--> 2Al₂O₃

0,2 mol->0,15 mol-> 0,1 mol

Xét tỉ lệ mol giữa Al và O₂:

\(\dfrac{0,2}{4}< \dfrac{0,2}{3}\)

Vậy O₂ dư

m_Al2O3 = 0,1 . 102 = 10,2 (g)

m_O2 dư = (0,2 - 0,15) . 32 = 1,6 (g)

4Al + 3O₂ + 2Al₂O₃

_{0,2 0,15 0,1}

nAl = m/M=5,4/27=0,2

mAl₂O₃₌ n.M=0,1×(27×2+16×3)=10,2g

n_Al = 0,2 mol

nO2 = 0,2 mol

4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃

Đặt tỉ lệ ta có

\(\dfrac{0,2}{4}\) < \(\dfrac{0,2}{3}\)

⇒ O₂ dư

⇒ m_Al2O3 = 0,1.102 = 10,2 (g)

⇒ mO2 dư = ( 0,2-0,15 ).32 = 1,6 (g)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{25,55}{36,5}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\a. 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ b.Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,7}{6}\\ \Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,7-\dfrac{6}{2}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,3.2=0,6\left(g\right)\\ m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ m_{AlCl_3}=133,5.0,2=26,7\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Al_2O_3\)

Ta có : 

\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot2}{4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Al_2O_3}=0.1\cdot102=10.2\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11.2}{56}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Fe_3O_4\)

\(0.2.......\dfrac{2}{15}.....\dfrac{1}{15}\)

\(V_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{15}\cdot22.4=2.98\left(l\right)\)

\(m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{15}\cdot232=15.46\left(g\right)\)

Câu 11: 

\(n_{CaO}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:           \(CaO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+H_2O\)

Ban đầu:         0,2       0,4             0,2

Sau pư:            0         0,2            0,2

`=>`\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\\m_{CaSO_4}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu 12:

\(n_S=\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:           \(S+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}SO_2\)

Ban đầu:       0,2   0,5

Sau pư:         0     0,3       0,2

`=>`\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{O_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\V_{SO_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu 13:

\(n_C=\dfrac{4,8}{12}=0,4\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:           \(C+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CO_2\)

Ban đầu:      0,4   0,3

Sau pư:        0,1   0        0,3

`=>`\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{C\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=0,1.12=1,2\left(g\right)\\V_{CO_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu 14:

\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{20,8}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,8}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:         \(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\)

Ban đầu:       0,1           0,1

Sau pư:         0              0               0,1           0,2

`=>`\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{BaSO_4}=0,1.233=23,3\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu 15: 

\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:          \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)

Ban đầu:        0,25     0,5

Sau pư:           0          0            0,25

`=>`\(m_{CuCl_2}=0,25.135=33,75\left(g\right)\)

A) nZn=0,1(mol); nS=0,2(mol)

PTHH: Zn + S -to-> ZnS

Ta có: 0,2/1 > 0,1/1

=> Zn hết, S dư, tính theo nZnS

=> nZnS= nS(p.ứ)=nZn=0,1(mol)

=> nS(dư)=0,2-0,1=0,1(mol)

=>mS(dư)=0,1.32=3,2(g)

b) mZnS=0,1.81=8,1(g)

a.b.\(n_S=\dfrac{m_S}{M_S}=\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2mol\)

\(S+O_2\rightarrow SO_2\)

0,2  0,2     0,2   ( mol )

\(V_{O_2}=n_{O_2}.22,4=0,2.22,4=4,48l\)

\(m_{SO_2}=n_{SO_2}.M_{SO_2}=0,2.64=12,8g\)

c.\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{m_{H_2}}{M_{H_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1mol\)

\(2H_2+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2H_2O\)

0,1  <  0,2                          ( mol )

0,1                       0,1        ( mol )

\(m_{H_2O}=n_{H_2O}.M_{H_2O}=0,1.18=1,8g\)

\(n_{Cu} = a ; n_{Al} = b ; n_{Fe} = c(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 64a + 27b + 56c = 28,6(1)\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = 1,5b + c = \dfrac{13,44}{22,4} = 0,6(2)\\ \text{Mặt khác} : n_{O_2} = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(mol)\\ 2Cu + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CuO\\ 4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ 4Fe + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe_2O_3\\ \)

Ta có :

\(\dfrac{n_X}{n_{O_2}}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{0,5a +0,75b + 0,75c} = \dfrac{0,6}{0,4}(3)\\ (1)(2)(3)\Rightarrow a = \dfrac{317}{1460} ; b = \dfrac{121}{365}; c = \dfrac{15}{146}\\ \%m_{Cu} = \dfrac{\dfrac{317}{1460}.64}{28,6}.100\% = 48,59\%\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{\dfrac{121}{365}.27}{28,6}.100\% = 31,3\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\% - 41,59\% - 31,3\% = 27,11\%\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,2.3}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)