Rewrite the sentences,changing the relative clauses into clauses with a pressent participle,a past participle or a To-infinitive.

1. The path which leads to the pagoda is very narrow.

2. A competitor is someone who takes part in a competition.

3. The school which was founded 20 years ago is still there.

4. The captain was the last person who left the sinking ship.

5. Brazil is the first team which has won the world cup three times.

6. Jim, who was shocked at what he saw, couldn’t say a word.

7. The girl who is singing on the stage is my classmate.

8. You should choose the clothes that suit your personality.

9. I like films that have happy ending.

10. Jane had a few letters that she had to type.

Identify the relative clauses in these sentences. (Some contain more than one.) Rewrite them as participle or infinitive clauses.

1 The word astronaut, which is formed from two Greek words, means 'star sailor'.

2 Only flights which reach an altitude of 100 km or more are considered space flights.

3 NASA astronauts are given a difficult training programme which they have to complete after twenty months.

4 Astronauts who spend long periods in space do exercises which have been designed to keep them strong.

5 Spacecraft which intend to escape from Earth's gravity need to reach a speed of about 40,000 km/h.

6 The film Apollo 13, which was made in 1995, is a very interesting film on space travel that should be seen.

Reduce the following relative clauses, using Participle Phrases:

1. The man who teaches my son is my friend. ->…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The street which leads to the school is very wide.->…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………

3. My grandfather, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.->…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………

4. We are driving on the road which was built in 1980.->……………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………

5. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.->………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………

6. The computers which are used here are very old.->…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………

7. Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London.->…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………

8. That is the news which surprised us most.->……………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………

9. They’ve just delivered the goods that were ordered last week.->………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………

10. There are some children who are playing in the backyard of the house.->…………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………

11. Do you know the woman who made a very interesting speech last night?->…………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………

12. The foreign language which is being taught in most schools is English.->………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………
13. Astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.->…………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………

14. Customers who complain about the service should see the manager.->…………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………

15. The book that is on the top of the shelf is the one that is very useful.->……………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………

16. The vegetables which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.->………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………

17. The number of students who have been counted is quite high.->………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………

18. The student who sits next to me is from China.->………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………

19. Do you know the music which is being played on the radio?->……………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………

20. He lives in a big house which stands on the top of the hill.->………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………

Read Part 1 of the article. What happened to the spaceship? Rewrite the underlined participle or infinitive clauses as relative clauses.

... which was launched from Florida on 11 April 1970.

PART 1

Apollo 13, launched from Florida on 11 April 1970, was the third Apollo mission to land on the moon. The three astronauts chosen for the mission were James Lovell, Fred Haise and John Swigert. The launch, watched by millions on TV, went smoothly and for the first two days in space, everything went well. The

crew gave a 49-minute TV interview explaining how they lived and worked in zero gravity. However, nine minutes after the interview finished, a tank containing oxygen exploded and John Swigert, noticing a red warning light, said the famous words: 'Houston, we've had a problem here. They checked all their equipment and realised that they were running out of water, power and oxygen-hard and fast. They were in a damaged spaceship floating 320,000 kilometres from Earth.

I. Rewrite the following sentences using present participle, past participle or to-infinitive:

1. Maxicorp was the only company which replied my letter.

2. Do you the man who is talking to my father ?

3. Applications which were sent after 23^rd will not be considered.

4. We have a lot of exercises which we hace to do toninght.

5. Studies of her son are the most important thing that she cares  about.

6. The equipment which belongs to the club is insured.

7. George is the first person that we will interview.

8. Meetings which are held every month are called monthly meetings.

9. The most excellent students who were rewarded the scholarship would have a two-week holiday in VungTau.

10.The trees which were planted last week are growing well.

11. The man who is talking to John is from Korea.

12. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.

13. Ann is the woman who is responsiple for preparing the budget.

14. English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.

15. The books that are on that shelf is mine.

16. The children who attend that school receive a good education.

17. The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries.

18. The sunlight which comes through the window wakes me up early every morning.

19. John quincy Adams, who was born on July 11^th 1767, was the sixth president of the United States.

20. These are the ancient houses which were built a long time ago.

21. The children who attend that school receive a good education.

22. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.

23. He was the second man who was killed in this way.

24. Here are some accounts that you must check.

25. He was the first man who reached the top.

26. In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonade, which is made of lemon juice water, and sugar.

27. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.

28. I’d be more interested if I had a family that I had to cook for.

V. Rewrite each sentence, replacing the relative clause with a Present , Past Participle OR To-V phrase.

1. The train which is now arriving at Platform 3 is the 4.20 from Da Nang.

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2. The student who is chosen as winner will get a prize.

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3. None of the models that have been inspected so far have passed the test.

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4. The saplings which have been planted today will one day grow into huge trees.

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5. The boy who was knocked off his bicycle broke his leg.

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6. The students who will be selected tomorrow will be offered a scholarship.

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7. The three man who were involved in the bank robbery have been arrested.

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8. The car which was being driven by the young man crashed into a tree.

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9. Wikipedia, which was launched in 2001, is one of the great Internet successes.

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10. The man who won yesterday's lottery lives next door.

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11.The man who came yesterday knows how to repair the faucet.

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12.The car which is left on the street is broken.

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13.The athlete who has won the most races is chosen as Man of the Year.

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14.They live in a building which has forty storeys.

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15.John is the only person who understands me.

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16.Jack is the first student who has handed in the exam.

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17.I have a lot of work that I have to finish right today.

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18.His office is the next room that they have to clean.

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19.The chemist gave her some tablets, which should be taken 3 times a day.

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20.Jane is usually the first person who comes and the last person who leaves.

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I. Combine each pair of sentences, using Present Participle (V-ing) or Past Participle (V3/ed).

1. The street is very wide. It leads to our school. ………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The streets are very busy. They are bordered with shops. ………………………………………………………………………………………

3. My family is living in a house. The house was built in 2004. ………………………………………………………………………………………

4. The chickens are very fat. They are raised on our farm. ……………………………………………………………………………………

5. The boy will be punished. He broke the shop window. ……………………………………………………………………………………

6. The building is painted pink. It is my school. ………………………………………………………………………………

I. Combine each pair of sentences, using Present Participle (V-ing) or Past Participle (V3/ed). 1. The street is very wide. It leads to our school. ………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The streets are very busy. They are bordered with shops. …………………………………………………………………………………

3. My family is living in a house. The house was built in 2004. ………………………………………………………………………………

4. The chickens are very fat. They are raised on our farm. ……………………………………………………………………………………

5. The boy will be punished. He broke the shop window. ……………………………………………………………………………………

6. The building is painted pink. It is my school. …………………………………………………………………………………