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Ta có:\(A=\dfrac{xy}{x+y}+\dfrac{yz}{y+z}+\dfrac{zx}{z+x}\)

             \(=\dfrac{x\left(x+y\right)-x^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{y\left(y+z\right)-y^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{z\left(z+x\right)-z^2}{z+x}\)

             \(=\left(x+y+z\right)-\left(\dfrac{x^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{y^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{z+x}\right)\)

Ta có:\(\dfrac{x^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{x+y}{9}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2}{x+y}.\dfrac{x+y}{9}}=\dfrac{2x}{3}\)

Tương tự,ta có:\(\dfrac{y^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y+z}{9}\ge\dfrac{2y}{3};\dfrac{z^2}{z+x}+\dfrac{z+x}{9}\ge\dfrac{2z}{3}\)

Cộng vế với vế ta có:

\(\dfrac{x^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{y^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{z+x}+\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{4}\ge\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{y^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{z+x}\ge\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{3}-\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{4}=\dfrac{2.9}{3}-\dfrac{9}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow A\le9-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{15}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ x=y=z=3

Vậy,Max A=\(\dfrac{15}{2}\) ⇔ x=y=z=3

Bài 1.

Ta có:\(\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+2020}-x\right)=x^2+2020-x^2=2020\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2020}\right)=\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+2020}-x\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow y+\sqrt{y^2+2020}=\sqrt{x^2+2020}-x\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y=\sqrt{x^2+2020}-\sqrt{y^2+2020}\)   (1)

Ta có:\(\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2020}\right)\left(\sqrt{y^2+2020}-y\right)=y^2+2020-y^2=2020\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2020}\right)=\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2020}\right)\left(\sqrt{y^2+2020}-y\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{x^2+2020}=\sqrt{y^2+2020}-y\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y=\sqrt{y^2+2020}-\sqrt{x^2+2020}\)          (2)

Cộng vế với vế của (1) và (2) ta có:

\(2\left(x+y\right)=\sqrt{y^2+2020}-\sqrt{x^2+2020}+\sqrt{x^2+2020}-\sqrt{y^2+2020}\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+y\right)=0\Rightarrow x+y=0\)

Bài 2: 

Ta có: (2a+1)(2b+1)=9

nên \(2b+1=\dfrac{9}{2a+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2b=\dfrac{9}{2a+1}-\dfrac{2a+1}{2a+1}=\dfrac{8-2a}{2a+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow b=\dfrac{8-2a}{4a+2}=\dfrac{4-a}{2a+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow b+2=\dfrac{4-a+4a+2}{2a+1}=\dfrac{3a+6}{2a+1}\)

Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{2a+1}{3a+6}\)

\(=\dfrac{3+2a+1}{3a+6}\)

\(=\dfrac{2a+4}{3a+6}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

1.

\(5=3xy+x+y\ge3xy+2\sqrt{xy}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{xy}-1\right)\left(3\sqrt{xy}+5\right)\le0\Rightarrow xy\le1\)

\(P=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)\left(y^2+1\right)}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(y^2+1\right)}-\sqrt{9-5xy}\)

\(P=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy+x+y+2}{x^2y^2+\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy+1}-\sqrt{9-5xy}\)

Đặt \(xy=a\Rightarrow0< a\le1\)

\(P=\dfrac{\left(5-3a\right)^3-3a\left(5-3a\right)+\left(5-3a\right)^2-2a+5-3a+2}{a^2+\left(5-3a\right)^2-2a+1}-\sqrt{9-5a}\)

\(P=\dfrac{-27a^3+153a^2-275a+157}{10a^2-32a+26}-\dfrac{1}{2}.2\sqrt{9-5a}\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{-27a^3+153a^2-275a+157}{10a^2-32a+26}-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(4+9-5a\right)\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{-29a^3+161a^2-277a+145}{4\left(5a^2-16a+13\right)}=\dfrac{\left(1-a\right)\left(29a^2-132a+145\right)}{4\left(5a^2-16a+13\right)}\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(1-a\right)\left[29a^2+132\left(1-a\right)+13\right]}{4\left(5a^2-16a+13\right)}\ge0\)

\(P_{min}=0\) khi \(a=1\) hay \(x=y=1\)

Hai phân thức của P rất khó làm gọn bằng AM-GM hoặc Cauchy-Schwarz (nó hơi chặt)

2.

Đặt \(A=9^n+62\)

Do \(9^n⋮3\) với mọi \(n\in Z^+\) và 62 ko chia hết cho 3 nên \(A⋮̸3\)

Mặt khác tích của k số lẻ liên tiếp sẽ luôn chia hết cho 3 nếu \(k\ge3\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Bài toán thỏa mãn khi và chỉ khi \(k=2\)

Do tích của 2 số lẻ liên tiếp đều không chia hết cho 3, gọi 2 số đó lần lượt là \(6m-1\)  và \(6m+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(6m-1\right)\left(6m+1\right)=9^n+62\)

\(\Leftrightarrow36m^2=9^n+63\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4m^2=9^{n-1}+7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2m\right)^2-\left(3^{n-1}\right)^2=7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2m-3^{n-1}\right)\left(2m+3^{n-1}\right)=7\)

Pt ước số cơ bản, bạn tự giải tiếp

3: \(P=\dfrac{x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{y}{\left(y+z\right)+\left(y+x\right)}+\dfrac{z}{\left(z+x\right)+\left(z+y\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{y+x}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{z}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{z+y}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = x = \(\dfrac{1}{3}\).

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-2\right|\ge0;\forall x\\y^{20}\ge0;\forall y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-2\right|\ge0\\\left|y^{20}+9\right|\ge9\end{matrix}\right.\) ;\(\forall x;y\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|x-2\right|+\left|y^{20}+9\right|\ge9\) ;\(\forall x;y\)

Đăngt thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-2\right|=0\\y^{20}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si ta có:

\(2x+\frac{1}{2x}\geq 2\)

\(y+\frac{9}{y}\geq 6\)

\(\frac{7x}{3}+\frac{7y}{3}=\frac{7}{3}(x+y)=\frac{49}{6}\)

Cộng theo vế:

$P\geq 2+6+\frac{49}{6}=\frac{97}{6}$

Vậy $P_{\min}=\frac{97}{6}$ tại $x=\frac{1}{2}; y=3$

+) \(P=\sqrt{7x+9}+\sqrt{7y+9}+\sqrt{7z+9}\)

\(P^2\le3\left(7x+7y+7z+27\right)=102\)
\(P\le\sqrt{102}\)

\(MaxP=102\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

+) \(x,y,z\in[0;1]\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge x^2\\y\ge y^2\\z\ge z^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P\ge\sqrt{x^2+6x+9}+\sqrt{y^2+6y+9}+\sqrt{z^2+6z+9}\)

\(=x+y+z+9=10\)

\(MinP=10\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\text{và các hoán vị}\)