Với x + y + z = 0, hãy rút gọn biểu thức:
\(\left(\dfrac{x-y}{z}+\dfrac{y-z}{x}+\dfrac{z-x}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{z}{x-y}+\dfrac{x}{y-z}+\dfrac{y}{z-x}\right)\)
A. 0 B.1 C. 9 D. xyz
GIẢI CHI TIẾT GIÚP MÌNH VỚI NHÉ MỌI NGƯỜI
Cho 3 số x,y,z khác 0 thoả mãn điều kiện \(\dfrac{y+z-x}{x}=\dfrac{z+x-y}{y}=\dfrac{x+y-z}{z}\)
Hãy tính giá trị của biểu thức :
\(B=\left(1+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
(y + z - x)/x = (z + x - y)/y = (x + y - z)/z = 1
--> y + z - x = x; z + x - y = y; x + y - z = z
--> y + z = 2x; z + x = 2y; x + y = 2z
Ta có:
B = (x + y)/y.(y + z)/z.(z + x)/x
= 2z/y.2x/z.2y/x = 8
cho các số x,y,z thoả mãn \(\dfrac{x}{y-z}+\dfrac{y}{z-x}+\dfrac{z}{x-y}=0\)
tính giá trị biểu thức A=\(\dfrac{x}{\left(y-z\right)^2}+\dfrac{y}{\left(z-x\right)^2}+\dfrac{z}{\left(x-y\right)^2}\)
Lời giải:
\(A=\left(\frac{x}{y-z}+\frac{y}{z-x}+\frac{z}{x-y}\right)\left(\frac{1}{y-z}+\frac{1}{z-x}+\frac{1}{x-y}\right)-\frac{x}{(y-z)(z-x)}-\frac{x}{(y-z)(x-y)}-\frac{y}{(z-x)(x-y)}-\frac{y}{(z-x)(y-z)}-\frac{z}{(x-y)(y-z)}-\frac{z}{(x-y)(z-x)}\)
\(=0-\frac{x(x-y)+x(z-x)+y(y-z)+y(x-y)+z(z-x)+z(y-z)}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}\)
\(=0-\frac{x^2+xz+y^2+xy+z^2+zy-(xy+x^2+yz+y^2+zx+z^2)}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}=0-\frac{0}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}=0\)
Chứng minh đẳng thức:
a) \(\dfrac{y}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\dfrac{z}{\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}+\dfrac{x}{\left(z-x\right)\left(x-y\right)=0}\)
b) \(\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)=1}\)
c) \(\dfrac{1}{x\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{1}{y\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}+\dfrac{1}{z\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\)
a: \(\dfrac{y}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}-\dfrac{z}{\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}-\dfrac{x}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{xy-yz-xz+yz-xy+xz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
=0
c: \(=\dfrac{1}{x\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}-\dfrac{1}{y\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)}+\dfrac{1}{z\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{zy\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(x-z\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{xyz\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{zy^2-z^2y-x^2z+xz^2+xy\left(x-y\right)}{xyz\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\)
cho x,y,z khác 0 và x-y-z = 0
Tính giá trị biểu thức B= \(\left(1-\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\)
Cho x ≠ 0,y ≠ 0,z ≠ 0 và x+y+z=0.CMR:\(\left(\dfrac{x-y}{z}+\dfrac{y-z}{x}+\dfrac{x-z}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{z}{x-y}+\dfrac{x}{y-z}+\dfrac{y}{x-z}\right)=9\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x-y}{z}=m,\dfrac{y-z}{x}=n,\dfrac{z-x}{y}=p\), ta có:
\(\left(m+n+p\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{m}+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{p}\right)=3+\dfrac{n+p}{m}+\dfrac{p+m}{n}+\dfrac{m+n}{p}\)
Tính \(\dfrac{n+p}{m}\) theo x, y, z ta được:
\(\dfrac{n+p}{m}=\dfrac{z}{x-y}.\dfrac{y^2-yz+xz-x^2}{xy}=\dfrac{z}{xy}\left(-x-y+x\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{z}{xy}\left(-x-y-z+2z\right)=\dfrac{2x^2}{xy}\) vì \(\left(x+y+z\right)=0\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{m+p}{n}=\dfrac{2x^2}{yz}.\dfrac{m+n}{p}=\dfrac{2y^2}{xz}\)
Vậy \(\left(m+n+p\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{m}+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{p}\right)=3+\dfrac{2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)}{xyz}=3+\dfrac{2.3xyz}{xyz}=3+6=9\)
a ,Tính \(A=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z-x\right)\left(x-y\right)}\)
b, Cho a,b,c \(\ne\) 0 thỏa mãn a+b+c=0
CMR: \(M=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}=0\)
c, Cho biểu thức :
\(B=\dfrac{y}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\dfrac{z}{\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}+\dfrac{x}{\left(z-x\right)\left(x-y\right)}\)
CMR : Giá trị bth B không phụ thuộc vào giá trị của biến
b: \(M=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ac}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}=0\)
c: \(B=\dfrac{y}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}-\dfrac{z}{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}-\dfrac{x}{\left(x-z\right)\left(x-y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{y\left(x-z\right)-z\left(x-y\right)-x\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{xy-yz-xz+zy-xy+xz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}=0\)
Cho 3 số x,y,z khác 0 thoả mãn : \(\dfrac{y+z-x}{x}=\dfrac{z+x-y}{y}=\dfrac{x+y-z}{z}\)
Tính giá trị biểu thức : A =\(\left(1+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{y+z-x}{x}=\dfrac{z+x-y}{y}=\dfrac{x+y-z}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y+z-x}{x}+2=\dfrac{z+x-y}{y}+2=\dfrac{x+y-z}{z}+2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y+z}{x}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{y}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x+y+z}{x}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{y}\\\dfrac{x+y+z}{y}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\left(x+y+z\right)=y\left(x+y+z\right)\\y\left(x+y+z\right)=z\left(x+y+z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)=0\\\left(y-z\right)\left(x+y+z\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x+y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=z\\x+y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=z\\x+y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\circledast\) Với \(x=y=z\) thì \(A=\left(1+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)
\(\circledast\) Với \(x+y+z=0\) thì\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-z\\x+z=-y\\y+z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó \(A=\left(1+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz}=\dfrac{-xyz}{xyz}=-1\)
Cho x≠0;y≠0;z≠0 và x+y+z=0. Chứng minh rằng
\(\left(\dfrac{x-y}{z}+\dfrac{y-z}{x}+\dfrac{x-z}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{z}{x-y}+\dfrac{x}{y-z}+\dfrac{y}{x-z}\right)=9\)
Đặt \(P=\left(\dfrac{x-y}{z}+\dfrac{y-z}{x}+\dfrac{z-x}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{z}{x-y}+\dfrac{x}{y-z}+\dfrac{y}{z-x}\right)=9\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x-y}{z}=a\\\dfrac{y-z}{x}=b\\\dfrac{x-z}{y}=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\\ =1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+1\\ =3+\dfrac{a+c}{b}+\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{a+c}{b}=\dfrac{\dfrac{x-y}{z}+\dfrac{z-x}{y}}{\dfrac{y-z}{x}}=\dfrac{xy-y^2+z^2-xz}{yz}\cdot\dfrac{x}{y-z}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(z-y\right)\left(y+z-x\right)x}{yz\left(y-z\right)}=\dfrac{x\left(x-y-z\right)}{yz}\)
Mà \(x+y+z=0\Leftrightarrow x=-y-z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+c}{b}=\dfrac{x\left(x+x\right)}{yz}=\dfrac{2x^2}{yz}\)
Cmtt ta được \(\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{2y^2}{xz};\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{2z^2}{xy}\)
Cộng vế theo vế
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{2x^2}{yz}+\dfrac{2y^2}{xz}+\dfrac{2z^2}{xy}+3=\dfrac{2x^3+2y^3+2z^3}{xyz}+3\\ \Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)}{xyz}+3\)
Lại có \(x+y+z=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
Thế vào \(P\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{2\cdot3xyz}{xyz}+3=6+3=9\)
Cho x, y, z là các số thực khác 0 thỏa mãn:
\(x\left(\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+y\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+z\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=-2\) và x3 + y3 + z3 =1
Tính giá trị của biểu thức P= \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\)
Từ \(x\left(\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+y\left(\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+z\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=-2\) ta có:
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+2xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\y+z=0\\z+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\).
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử x + y = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3=-y^3\).
Kết hợp với \(x^3+y^3+z^3=1\) ta có \(z^3=1\Leftrightarrow z=1\).
Vậy \(P=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{-y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{1}=1\).