Complete the paragraph with the words from the box

            Many people buy and use copied programs ……… their computer. This illegal ……… of computer software has become a huge industry because  the software is much…………… than the original programs . Illegal solfware can be found on sale  in any ….……… of the world, although it is more readily available in Asia ………… in Western  countries. Software ….……… have been trying to get goverments to stop this copying or “pirating ”.

Complete the passage with words from the box:

breadwinning, trend, responsible, mutual, earning, previously, caregiver, associated, burden, speedy
In the past, fathers were not (1) ......... for taking care of their children, spend time with their children, preparing food for them, and helping them in their housework. This happend because the sole responsibility of (2) ........ was on the shoulder of men. Now, as women are sharing the financial (3) ...... , some fathers take care of their children while their mother í at the workplace. The depression, egoisitc behavior, and pride (4) ........ with being the sole financial supporter are eventually balanced by the contribution of the female member. Therefore, the responsibility of child care is also showing a changing (5) ........

The number of fathers deciding to stay home is rising at a (6) ....... pace. This may happen due to several reasons such as females have strong earning power, and with the (7) ......... decision, they come to the conclusion that one of them should be at home with children. There are many men today who feel like acting as a primary (8) ........ being a father with kids. (9) ......... , you could not imagine thatt your father would ever do laundry or cleaning. But today in the absence of mothers or even when they are present, fathers share the responsibilities at home as women share the (10) ....... responsibility with fathers. This is how has fatherhood changed over the years. 

V . Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition in each blank.

1. Some novels can take people ______________   ________________ the past.  

2. In the past, children used to play _________________ the things the found.

3. I love going bare – footed on the beach and feeling the sand _____________ my feet.

4. The farmers in Arctic area transport  their ice home   ___________________ truck.

5. I wish everybody in the world live __________________ peace.

6. We wish we could communicate ____________________ animals.  

7. Before blacksmiths used to pull ____________________ teeth.

8. Nga can paint  _________________ ceramic pots.   

1.     Complete the summary with the words from the box.

Serious environmental problems are being (1) ………………… by large (2) ………………… of disposable plastic products. Therefore, people are finding (3) ………………… ways to reuse and (4) ………………… plastic. The EcoARK is a(n) (5) ………………… made with bottle-shaped bricks. ­ ese bricks were made from (6) ………………… tons of plastic waste. Another example is the world’s (7) ………………… plastic bridge, built with 50 tons of plastic waste. It is strong and doesn’t require much work to maintain. Finally, the Plastiki is a sailboat built from 12,000 plastic bottles. It sailed (8) ………………… the Pacific Ocean to make people (9) ………………… of (10) ………………… in the ocean. Before you throw away something made of plastic, think of a creative way to reuse or recycle it.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Money

The ancestor of the monetary system is of course the barter system. A farmer could trade his produce for the fish obtained by a fisherman or the cloth produced by a weaver. Even today the barter system tends to come back into style in places suffering from social breakdown, or as an informal sideline activity in more harmonious lands. However, trying to reach agreement over the relative value of different things tends to be time-consuming and vexing, and so societies tended to converge towards a common medium of exchange. Pacific islanders used shells; Aztecs used cacao beans, the main ingredient of chocolate. Livestock was common among herding cultures; slaves were sometimes used, too, but they were much harder to control than cattle and so not as popular; and many cultures used salt, including the Romans for a time- hence, the modern term "salary". Incidentally, after World War II cigarettes were used as a medium of exchange in many countries then in very poor condition, and it is said that in Italy “penny candy” was commonly used as “small change” even into the 1970s.

The medium that gradually gained widespread acceptance was precious metals such as gold and silver. Coins are said to have been invented by the Lydians, a people of Asia Minor, sometime after 640 BC. They used stamped ingots of "electrum", a naturally occurring amalgam of silver and gold. The scheme was refined by King Croesus, ruler of Lydia from 560 to 546 BCE, who introduced coins of true gold. He is still identified with wealth in the expression "rich as Croesus". The introduction of coinage was a great boon for traders, simplifying transactions and allowing them to be conducted more smoothly over long distances.

[1] Coinage also helped support far-flung empires; the Roman Empire was built on silver and gold coins, as well as military victories. As the empire expanded, the expenditures of the state led to the debasement of the coins, beginning with an act of the Emperor Nero in 64 A.D. By the end of his reign, the silver content of Roman coins had shrunk by 10%. [2] Other emperors followed his example, and over 200 years from the start of the process, the content shrank to 5%. The coins’ buying power fell accordingly.

[3] Coins are still with us, though they are now little more than tokens made of non-precious metals. [4] Few countries still use silver or gold coins as anything other than collector's items.

Which of the following is NOT true of the barter system?

A. It was used before the invention of money

B. It involved trading one type of good for another

C. It was problematic because of disagreement over value

D. It has not been used since ancient times

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Money

The ancestor of the monetary system is of course the barter system. A farmer could trade his produce for the fish obtained by a fisherman or the cloth produced by a weaver. Even today the barter system tends to come back into style in places suffering from social breakdown, or as an informal sideline activity in more harmonious lands. However, trying to reach agreement over the relative value of different things tends to be time-consuming and vexing, and so societies tended to converge towards a common medium of exchange. Pacific islanders used shells; Aztecs used cacao beans, the main ingredient of chocolate. Livestock was common among herding cultures; slaves were sometimes used, too, but they were much harder to control than cattle and so not as popular; and many cultures used salt, including the Romans for a time- hence, the modern term "salary". Incidentally, after World War II cigarettes were used as a medium of exchange in many countries then in very poor condition, and it is said that in Italy “penny candy” was commonly used as “small change” even into the 1970s.

The medium that gradually gained widespread acceptance was precious metals such as gold and silver. Coins are said to have been invented by the Lydians, a people of Asia Minor, sometime after 640 BC. They used stamped ingots of "electrum", a naturally occurring amalgam of silver and gold. The scheme was refined by King Croesus, ruler of Lydia from 560 to 546 BCE, who introduced coins of true gold. He is still identified with wealth in the expression "rich as Croesus". The introduction of coinage was a great boon for traders, simplifying transactions and allowing them to be conducted more smoothly over long distances.

[1] Coinage also helped support far-flung empires; the Roman Empire was built on silver and gold coins, as well as military victories. As the empire expanded, the expenditures of the state led to the debasement of the coins, beginning with an act of the Emperor Nero in 64 A.D. By the end of his reign, the silver content of Roman coins had shrunk by 10%. [2] Other emperors followed his example, and over 200 years from the start of the process, the content shrank to 5%. The coins’ buying power fell accordingly.

[3] Coins are still with us, though they are now little more than tokens made of non-precious metals. [4] Few countries still use silver or gold coins as anything other than collector's items.

Which is the best place for the following sentence? “The United States gave up minting silver dollars in 1935, and in 1965 eliminated silver in American coins completely.”

A. [4]

B. [3]

C. [1]

D. [2]

IX.​Complete the passage with the words from the box.​ therefore​ in short​ although​ secondly​ then​thirdly​ in addition​ firstly ​The number of people running has decreased (1)__________ running provides many benefits for health. The following advantages will help you decide if you want to try. ​(2)__________, running helps to improve physical body. For instance, it builds a good condition of lungs, promotes bone health, reduces stress levels. (3)__________, running reduces blood pressure while improves blood flow. ​(4)__________, it is a good choice for weight loss. A medium level of running can result in weight loss. ​(5)__________, running is a low cost activity. You only need a quality pair of athletic shoes. You can run outdoors, in your neighbourhood or at local parks. (6)__________, you can meet your exercise goals without going to a gym centre. ​(7)__________, it’s worth running whether in every morning or in any free time. Youdon’t need a big start, but 15 minutes each day. (8)​__________ add 5 minutes every weekuntil it reaches 60 minutes. You will never see the fantastic outcome if you don’t give it a try.

1.     Complete the summary with the words from the box.

Plastic is used to make many (1) ………………… today. The first man-made plastic, called (2) …………………, was created from plant material in 1862. However, it was too (3) ………………… to make. In 1866, John Wesley Hyatt invented (4) ………………… He was trying to find a(n) (5) ………………… for ivory, which was used to make billiard balls. Bakelite was (6) ………………… in 1909. It was the first plastic to be made entirely from (7) ………………… materials. Today, most plastic is made from (8) ………………… (9) …………………, this is bad for the (10) ………………… Therefore, people are still looking for alternatives.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Money

The ancestor of the monetary system is of course the barter system. A farmer could trade his produce for the fish obtained by a fisherman or the cloth produced by a weaver. Even today the barter system tends to come back into style in places suffering from social breakdown, or as an informal sideline activity in more harmonious lands. However, trying to reach agreement over the relative value of different things tends to be time-consuming and vexing, and so societies tended to converge towards a common medium of exchange. Pacific islanders used shells; Aztecs used cacao beans, the main ingredient of chocolate. Livestock was common among herding cultures; slaves were sometimes used, too, but they were much harder to control than cattle and so not as popular; and many cultures used salt, including the Romans for a time- hence, the modern term "salary". Incidentally, after World War II cigarettes were used as a medium of exchange in many countries then in very poor condition, and it is said that in Italy “penny candy” was commonly used as “small change” even into the 1970s.

The medium that gradually gained widespread acceptance was precious metals such as gold and silver. Coins are said to have been invented by the Lydians, a people of Asia Minor, sometime after 640 BC. They used stamped ingots of "electrum", a naturally occurring amalgam of silver and gold. The scheme was refined by King Croesus, ruler of Lydia from 560 to 546 BCE, who introduced coins of true gold. He is still identified with wealth in the expression "rich as Croesus". The introduction of coinage was a great boon for traders, simplifying transactions and allowing them to be conducted more smoothly over long distances.

[1] Coinage also helped support far-flung empires; the Roman Empire was built on silver and gold coins, as well as military victories. As the empire expanded, the expenditures of the state led to the debasement of the coins, beginning with an act of the Emperor Nero in 64 A.D. By the end of his reign, the silver content of Roman coins had shrunk by 10%. [2] Other emperors followed his example, and over 200 years from the start of the process, the content shrank to 5%. The coins’ buying power fell accordingly.

[3] Coins are still with us, though they are now little more than tokens made of non-precious metals. [4] Few countries still use silver or gold coins as anything other than collector's items.

Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the hightlighted sentence in the passage? Even today the barter system tends to come back into style in places suffering from social breakdown, or as an informal sideline activity in more harmonious lands.

A. People still use barter because of poor social conditions or as an extra, unofficial activity 

B. The barter system sometimes reappears as a sideline activity in places experiencing social disturbances 

C. The barter system is used only informally in harmonious places, but as the main form of economic activity in troubled lands 

D. Bartering has always been common in both times of trouble and times of peace.