a) Bảo toàn khối lượng : $n_{O(oxit)} = \dfrac{23,88 - 15,72}{16} = 0,51(mol)$
$2H^+ + O^{2-} \to H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = 2n_O =  0,51.2 = 1,02(mol)$

b)

$n_{Cl^-} = n_{HCl} = 1,02(mol)$
Suy ra : 

$m_{muối} = m_{kim\ loại} + m_{Cl} = 15,72 + 1,02.35,5 =51,93(gam)$

PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (1)

             \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)  (2)

a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{Mg}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=1\cdot24=24\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24}{32}\cdot100\%=75\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=25\%\)

b) Theo 2 PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{MgO}=2\cdot\dfrac{32-24}{40}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=2,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{2,4\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=1200\left(g\right)\)

c) Theo PTHH: \(\Sigma n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,2mol\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma m_{MgCl_2}=1,2\cdot95=114\left(g\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=1\cdot2=2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=1230\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{114}{1230}\cdot100\%\approx9,27\%\)

Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol Al2O3, CuO

Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O

CuO + H2SO4 → H2O + CuSO4

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}102x+80y=12,3\\3x+y=\dfrac{100.24,5\%}{98}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> x= 0,056; y=0,082

=> \(\%m_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,056.102}{12,3}.100=46,44\%\)

=> %mCuO= 100 - 46,44= 53,56%

b) 

Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O

CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O 

=> \(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{(0,056.6+0,082.2).36,5}{7\%}=260,7\%\)

Đáp án A

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)

\(Ca+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2\)

0,1                                  0,1     ( mol )

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{0,1.40}{10}.100=40\%\\\%m_{MgO}=100\%-40\%=60\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.111}{10+390,2-0,1.2}.100=2,775\%\\C\%_{MgO}=\dfrac{4}{10+390,2-0,1.2}.100=1\%\end{matrix}\right.\)