ĐK: \(x\ge\dfrac{5}{3}\)

Ta có: \(\sqrt{2x+5}=2+\sqrt{3x-5}\)

      \(\Leftrightarrow2x+5=4+3x-5+4\sqrt{3x-5}\)

      \(\Leftrightarrow6-x=4\sqrt{3x-5}\)                    ĐK: x≤6

      \(\Leftrightarrow36-12x+x^2=48x-80\)

      \(\Leftrightarrow x^2-60x+116=0\)

      \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-58\right)=0\)

      \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=58\end{matrix}\right.\)

So với điều kiện thì phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là x = 2

\(ĐK:x\ge\dfrac{5}{3}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2x+5}-3\right)-\left(\sqrt{3x-5}-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x-4}{\sqrt{2x+5}+3}-\dfrac{3x-6}{\sqrt{3x-5}+1}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+5}+3}-\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{3x-5}+1}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(tm\right)\\\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+5}+3}=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{3x-5}+1}\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{3x-5}+2=3\sqrt{2x+5}+9\\ \Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{3x-5}=7+3\sqrt{2x+5}\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(3x-5\right)=49+9\left(2x+5\right)+42\sqrt{2x+5}\\ \Leftrightarrow12x-20=49+18x+45+42\sqrt{2x+5}\\ \Leftrightarrow-6x-144=42\sqrt{2x+5}\)

Vì \(x\ge\dfrac{5}{3}>0\Leftrightarrow-6x-144< 0< 42\sqrt{2x+5}\)

Do đó (1) vô nghiệm

Vậy PT có nghiệm \(x=2\)

\(\left|2x-\frac{1}{2}\right|+1=3x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x-\frac{1}{2}\right|=3x-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x-\frac{1}{2}=3x-1\\2x-\frac{1}{2}=1-3x\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x-3x=-1+\frac{1}{2}\\2x+3x=1+\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}-x=-\frac{1}{2}\\5x=\frac{3}{2}\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\\x=\frac{3}{10}\end{cases}}\)

\(a)\)

\(\frac{1}{x+1}-\frac{x-1}{x}=\frac{3x+1}{x\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-x^2+1=3x+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=2\end{cases}}\)

\(b)\)

\(\frac{\left(x+2\right)^2}{2x-3}-\frac{1}{1}=\frac{x^2+10}{2x-3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x+4-2x-3=x^2+10\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x+1=x^2+10\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x-9=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x=9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{2}{9}\)

\(\left|3x+2\right|=\left|4x-3\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x+2=4x-3\\3x+2=3-4x\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}-x=-5\\7x=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=\dfrac{1}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left|2+3x\right|=\left|4x-3\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2+3x=4x-3\\2+3x=3-4x\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=\dfrac{1}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(9x^2-6x+1-9x^2-9x=-15x+1\)

\(\left(3x-1\right)^2-9x\left(x+1\right)\)

\(=9x^2-6x+1-9x^2-9x\)

=-15x+1

\(1,\Delta=\left(-11\right)^2-4\cdot30=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{11-1}{2}=5\\x=\dfrac{11+1}{2}=6\end{matrix}\right.\\ 2,\Delta=\left(-1\right)^2-4\left(-20\right)=81\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{81}}{2}=-4\\x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{81}}{2}=5\end{matrix}\right.\\ 3,\Delta=14^2-4\cdot24=100\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-14-\sqrt{100}}{2}=-12\\x=\dfrac{-14+\sqrt{100}}{2}=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\ 4,\Delta=8^2-4\left(-2\right)3=88\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-8-\sqrt{88}}{6}=\dfrac{-4+\sqrt{22}}{3}\\x=\dfrac{-8+\sqrt{88}}{6}=\dfrac{-4-\sqrt{22}}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

1) Δ = (-11)² -4.1.30 = 1 > 0 ⇒ Phương trình đã cho có hai nghiệm phân biệt, \(\sqrt{\Delta}\)=1.

x₁ = \(\dfrac{-\left(-11\right)+1}{2.1}\) = 6, x₂ =  \(\dfrac{-\left(-11\right)-1}{2.1}\) = 5.

2) Δ = (-1)² -4.1.(-20) = 81 > 0 ⇒ Phương trình đã cho có hai nghiệm phân biệt, \(\sqrt{\Delta}\)=9.

x₁ = \(\dfrac{-\left(-1\right)+9}{2.1}\) = 5, x₂ =  \(\dfrac{-\left(-1\right)-9}{2.1}\) = -4.

3) Δ' = 7² -1.24 = 25 > 0 ⇒ Phương trình đã cho có hai nghiệm phân biệt, \(\sqrt{\Delta'}\)=5.

x₁ = \(\dfrac{-7+5}{1}\) = -2, x₂ =  \(\dfrac{-7-5}{1}\) = -12.

4) Δ' = 4² -3.(-2) = 22 > 0 ⇒ Phương trình đã cho có hai nghiệm phân biệt, \(\sqrt{\Delta'}\)=\(\sqrt{22}\).

x₁ = \(\dfrac{-4+\sqrt{22}}{3}\), x₂ =  \(\dfrac{-4-\sqrt{22}}{3}\).

\(2.3^{x+1}=10.3^{12}+8.3^{12}\\ \Rightarrow2.3^{x+1}=3^{12}\left(10+8\right)\\ \Rightarrow2.3^{x+1}=3^{12}.18\\ \Rightarrow3^{x+1}=9.3^{12}\\ \Rightarrow3^{x+1}=3^{14}\\ \Rightarrow x+1=14\\ \Rightarrow x=13\)