II. Fill in each blank with one suitable word to complete this passage. (1.0 p)

THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER.

Water kills thousands of people and _____________(1)  many acres of crops every year, but water also gives life to all living things in the world.             

Without water, life would be unthinkable. We ___________(2) have water to grow our food, feed the birds and animals ____________(3)  our homes, grow forests and produce electricity. We use waterways__________ (4) carry our goods of trade. Even the human body, which is seventy parts of one hundred of water itself, ___________(5)  exist for long without water.  

          Ever ___________(6) the earth began, large quantities of water have been used by living things. Yet for every drop of water that is taken from one place, another drop is put back from somewhere else. 

          Nature has a very clever __________(7)  of carrying water from cloud to land and sea and back to cloud. No water has been lost. 

         But nature does not put water where and when we need it. _________(8)  some men are drowning, others in another part of the world are dying of thirst. Thus, people all _________(9)  the world are trying to bring water to places where it is scarce, to control its flow in times of floods and to make greater __________(10) of it.   

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 43.

The hard, rigid plates that form the outermost portion of the Earth are about 100 kilometers thick. These plates include both the Earth's crust and the upper mantle. The rocks of the crust are composed mostly of minerals with light elements, like aluminum and sodium, while the mantle contains some heavier elements, like iron and magnesium. Together, the crust and upper mantle that form the surface plates are called the lithosphere. This rigid layer floats on the denser material of the lower mantle the way a wooden raft floats on a pond. The plates are supported by a weak, plastic layer of the lower mantle called the asthenosphere. Also like a raft on a pond, the lithospheric plates are carried along by slow currents in this more fluid layer beneath them.

With an understanding of plate tectonics, geologists have put together a new history for the Earth's surface. About 200 million years ago, the plates at the Earth's surface formed a “supercontinent” called Pangaea. When this supercontinent started to tear apart because of plate movement, Pangaea first broke into two large continental masses with a newly formed sea that grew between the land areas as the depression filled with water. The southern one — which included the modern continents of South America, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica — is called Gondwanaland. The northern one — with North America, Europe, and Asia — is called Laurasia. North America tore away from Europe about 180 million years ago, forming the northern Atlantic Ocean. Some of the lithospheric plates carry ocean floor and others carry land masses or a combination of the two types. The movement of the lithospheric plates is responsible for earthquakes, volcanoes, and the Earth's largest mountain ranges. Current understanding of the interaction between different plates explains why these occur where they do. For example, the edge of the Pacific Ocean has been called the “Ring of Fire” because so many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes happen there. Before the 1960's, geologists could not explain why active volcanoes and strong earthquakes were concentrated in that region. The theory of plate tectonics gave them an answer.

In line 27, the word “concentrated” is closest in meaning to which of the following?

A. Allowed

B. Clustered

C. Exploded

D. Strengthened

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 43.

The hard, rigid plates that form the outermost portion of the Earth are about 100 kilometers thick. These plates include both the Earth's crust and the upper mantle. The rocks of the crust are composed mostly of minerals with light elements, like aluminum and sodium, while the mantle contains some heavier elements, like iron and magnesium. Together, the crust and upper mantle that form the surface plates are called the lithosphere. This rigid layer floats on the denser material of the lower mantle the way a wooden raft floats on a pond. The plates are supported by a weak, plastic layer of the lower mantle called the asthenosphere. Also like a raft on a pond, the lithospheric plates are carried along by slow currents in this more fluid layer beneath them.

With an understanding of plate tectonics, geologists have put together a new history for the Earth's surface. About 200 million years ago, the plates at the Earth's surface formed a “supercontinent” called Pangaea. When this supercontinent started to tear apart because of plate movement, Pangaea first broke into two large continental masses with a newly formed sea that grew between the land areas as the depression filled with water. The southern one — which included the modern continents of South America, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica — is called Gondwanaland. The northern one — with North America, Europe, and Asia — is called Laurasia. North America tore away from Europe about 180 million years ago, forming the northern Atlantic Ocean. Some of the lithospheric plates carry ocean floor and others carry land masses or a combination of the two types. The movement of the lithospheric plates is responsible for earthquakes, volcanoes, and the Earth's largest mountain ranges. Current understanding of the interaction between different plates explains why these occur where they do. For example, the edge of the Pacific Ocean has been called the “Ring of Fire” because so many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes happen there. Before the 1960's, geologists could not explain why active volcanoes and strong earthquakes were concentrated in that region. The theory of plate tectonics gave them an answer.

The word “one” in line 14 refers to

A. movements

B. masses

C. sea

D. depression

III. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word. (2.0 points)
It is not easy for (1)………..……students of English to improve their accent. Unlike children, who are flexible, adults often find (2)…………..….hard to change the way they speak. This is (3)………………..even the top or smartest adult students have difficulty with pronunciation. There are several things that (4)……………..…..international student can do to improve his or her (5)………………..
One method is to sign up for a pronunciation class. Studying pronunciation can (6)……………….…students understand the rules of English, but in (7) ……………..…. to practice speaking, students often need to be opposed to English outside the classroom as well. This is why many students say that studying  in an English – speaking (8)………..………greatly affects their English. Living with native (9) …..………. can help students to learn new vocabulary as (10)……………….…as improve their accents. International students can also learn important cultural information. This can help to prevent misunderstandings  that can occur when people from different cultures live together.

III. Fill in each blank with one suitable word to complete this passage. (15 points)
In a village on the east coast of Scotland, people were waiting anxiously for news. Two of their fishing-boats (1) ________ been caught in the storm (2) ________ had blown up during the night. In the cottages round the harbour people stood (3) ________ their door, (4) ________ worried to talk. 
The rest of the fishing fleet had (5) ________the harbour before dark, and the men from these ships waited and watched with the wives and families of (6) ________ missing men. Some had (7) ________ thick blankets and some flasks to hot drinks, knowing that the men (8) ________ be cold and tried. As dawn began to break over (9) ________ the east, a small point if light was (10) ________ in the darkness of the water and a (11) ________ minutes later, (12) ________ was a shout. Before long, the two boats (13) ________ turning in, past the lighthouse, to the inside of the harbour. The men (14) ________ helped out of their boats, and although they were stiff (15) ________ cold and tiredness, they were all safe.

VI. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word from the box to complete the passage. (1pt) 

Light pollution is not as serious as water (1)_______ air pollution. Moreover, it is the type of pollution that occurs (2)_______ in cities than in rural areas. In the past, we could sit outside at night and look at glittering stars in the sky and light from objects in the space. Nowadays, cities are covered with lights from buildings, streets and advertising displays. The real problem is that it is very (3)_______ to apply light to almost everything at night. Millions of tons of oil and coal are used to produce the power to light the sky. Eye strain, loss of vision and stress are (4)_______ people may get from light pollution. 

1. A. but         B. or       C. so      D. yet

2. A. more     B. much     C. many       D. a lot

3. A. waste    B. wastes      C. wasting         D. wasteful 

4. A. who        B. why         C. what           D. which