a + b + c= 1 \(\Rightarrow\)1 - a = b + c > 0

Tương tự : 1 - b > 0 ; 1 - c > 0

Mà 1 + a = 1 + ( 1 - b - c ) = ( 1- b ) + ( 1 - c ) \(\ge\)\(2\sqrt{\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}\)

Tương tự : \(1+b\ge2\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-c\right)}\); \(1+c\ge2\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\ge8\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)^2\left(1-b\right)^2\left(1-c\right)^2}=8\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}\ge8\)

Dấu " = : xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

Vậy GTNN của A là 8 \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

Cách khác:

\(A=\frac{\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)\right]\left[\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+a\right)\right]\left[\left(c+a\right)+\left(c+b\right)\right]}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô si cho 2 số ta được:

\(A\ge\frac{8\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=8\)

"=" <=> a = b = c = 1/3

Kết luận..

\(Q=\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b+c\right)^2+bc}}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(b+c\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{b+c}\)

\(Q\ge\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)^2}{a+b+b+c+c+a}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{4}{3}\)

\(P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{abc\left(a^2+1\right)^2\left(b^2+1\right)^2\left(c^2+1\right)^2}{a^2b^2c^2\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}}=3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}{abc}}\)

\(P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}{\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^3}}=9\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}}\ge9\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}\)

Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số \(a^2;b^2;c^2\) luôn có ít nhất 2 số cùng phía so với \(\dfrac{4}{9}\)

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là \(a^2;b^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-\dfrac{4}{9}\right)\left(b^2-\dfrac{4}{9}\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+\dfrac{16}{81}\ge\dfrac{4}{9}a^2+\dfrac{4}{9}b^2\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1\ge\dfrac{13}{9}a^2+\dfrac{13}{9}b^2+\dfrac{65}{81}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\ge\dfrac{13}{9}\left(a^2+b^2+\dfrac{5}{9}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\ge\dfrac{13}{9}\left(a^2+b^2+\dfrac{5}{9}\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{13}{9}\left(a^2+b^2+\dfrac{4}{9}+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)\left(\dfrac{4}{9}+\dfrac{4}{9}+c^2+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)\)

\(\ge\dfrac{13}{9}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b+\dfrac{2}{3}c+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge9\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\dfrac{13}{9}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}=9\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{13}{18}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{1}{9\left(a+b+c\right)}\right)^2}\)

\(P\ge9\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{13}{18}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{1}{9.2}\right)^2}=\dfrac{13}{2}\)

\(P_{min}=\dfrac{13}{2}\) khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

Từ giả thiết \(2\ge a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{abc}\le\dfrac{2}{3}\)

\(P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}{abc}}\)

Đặt \(Q=\dfrac{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}{abc}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2b^2c^2+\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)+\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+1}{abc}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{a^2b^2c^2+3\sqrt[3]{\left(a^2b^2c^2\right)^2}+3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}+1}{abc}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}+1\right)^3}{abc}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)^3=\left(\sqrt[3]{abc}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)^3\)

\(=\left(\sqrt[3]{abc}+\dfrac{4}{9\sqrt[3]{abc}}+\dfrac{5}{9\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)^3\ge\left(2\sqrt[]{\dfrac{4\sqrt[3]{abc}}{9\sqrt[3]{abc}}}+\dfrac{5}{9.\dfrac{2}{3}}\right)^3=\dfrac{2197}{216}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{2197}{216}}=\dfrac{13}{2}\)

Đặt  \(x=\frac{2}{a};\) \(y=\frac{4}{b};\)  \(z=\frac{1}{c}\)  

(Vì  \(a,b,c\in R^+\) nên suy ra  \(x,y,z>0\) )

Khi đó, điều kiện (giả thiết) đã cho trở thành  \(\frac{x^3+y^3}{xyz}+2\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)=6\)   \(\left(\text{*}\right)\)

Với điều kiện mà  \(x,y,z\)  nhận được trên thì ta dễ dàng chứng minh được:  

\(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)  

Do đó,   \(\frac{x^3+y^3}{xyz}\ge\frac{xy\left(x+y\right)}{xyz}=\frac{x+y}{z}\)

Mặt khác, nhờ vào bđt Cauchy và yếu tố chủ chốt là  \(x,y>0\), ta có đánh giá sau:  \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\ge2\) 

nên  \(6=\frac{x^3+y^3}{xyz}+2\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\ge\frac{x+y}{z}+4\)

\(\Rightarrow\)  \(0< \frac{x+y}{z}\le2\)

\(--------------\)

Ta có:

\(P=\frac{x}{y+2z}+\frac{y}{2z+x}+\frac{4z}{x+y}\ge\frac{x^2}{xy+2xz}+\frac{y^2}{2yz+xy}+\frac{4z}{x+y}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy+2z\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{4z}{x+y}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}+2z\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{4z}{x+y}=\frac{2\left(x+y\right)}{x+y+4z}+\frac{4z}{x+y}\)

Tóm lại:  \(P\ge\frac{\frac{2\left(x+y\right)}{z}}{\frac{x+y}{z}+4}+\frac{4}{\frac{x+y}{z}}\)

\(--------------\)

Đặt  \(t=\frac{x+y}{z}\)  \(\left(0< t\le2\right)\). Ta biểu diễn bất đẳng thức trên dưới dạng biến  \(t\)  như sau:

\(P\ge\frac{2t}{t+4}+\frac{4}{t}=\frac{2t}{t+4}+\frac{4}{t+4}+\frac{8}{t\left(t+4\right)}+\frac{8}{t\left(t+4\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{64t}{t\left(t+4\right)^3}}+\frac{8}{t\left(t+4\right)}\)

\(\ge\frac{12}{t+4}+\frac{8}{t\left(t+4\right)}\ge\frac{12}{2+4}+\frac{8}{2.6}=\frac{8}{3}\)

Dấu  \("="\) xảy ra   \(\Leftrightarrow\)   \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y\\\frac{x+y}{z}=2\end{cases}}\)  \(\Leftrightarrow\)  \(x=y=z\)  \(\Leftrightarrow\)  \(2a=b=4c\)

Vậy,  \(P\) đạt giá trị nhỏ nhất là  \(\frac{8}{3}\) khi  \(2a=b=4c\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a,b,c>0\\a+b+c=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow0< a,b,c< 1\)

\(B=\dfrac{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}=\dfrac{\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)\right]\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)\right]\left[\left(c+a\right)+\left(c+b\right)\right]}{\left(a+b+c-a\right)\left(a+b+c-b\right)\left(a+b+c-c\right)}\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=x\\b+c=y\\c+a=z\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=2\\B=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(B>0;B^2=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(y+z\right)^2\left(z+x\right)^2}{\left(xyz\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(y+z\right)^2\left(z+x\right)^2}{\left(xyz\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{xy}.\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)^2}{yz}.\dfrac{\left(z+x\right)^2}{zx}\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\\\left(y+z\right)^2\ge4yz\\\left(z+x\right)^2\ge4zx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow B^2\ge64;B\ge8\) khi x=y=z;a=b=c=1/3