\(a,\dfrac{12}{5}=\dfrac{x}{1,5}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{12\cdot1,5}{5}=3,6\\ b,\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{3}{20}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{5\cdot3}{20}=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ c,\dfrac{4}{x}=\dfrac{10}{9}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{4\cdot9}{10}=\dfrac{18}{5}\\ d,\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{60}{x}\Rightarrow x^2=60\cdot15=900\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=30\\x=-30\end{matrix}\right.\\ 2,\)

a, Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{6}=\dfrac{x+y-z}{3+5-6}=\dfrac{8}{2}=4\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=12\\y=20\\z=24\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{6}=\dfrac{x-y+z}{3-5+6}=\dfrac{-4}{4}=-1\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-5\\z=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)

c, Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{6}=\dfrac{2y}{10}=\dfrac{3z}{18}=\dfrac{x-2y+3z}{3-10+18}=\dfrac{-33}{11}=-3\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-9\\y=-15\\z=-18\end{matrix}\right.\)

d, Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{6}=k\Rightarrow x=3k;y=5k;z=6k\)

\(x^2-4y^2+2z^2=-475\\ \Rightarrow9k^2-100k^2+72z^2=-475\\ \Rightarrow-19k^2=-475\\ \Rightarrow k^2=25\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}k=5\\k=-5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=15;y=25;z=30\\x=-15;y=-25;z=-30\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 4:

Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)

=>\(a=b\cdot k;c=d\cdot k\)

\(\dfrac{a+3b}{b}=\dfrac{bk+3b}{b}=\dfrac{b\left(k+3\right)}{b}=k+3\)

\(\dfrac{c+3d}{d}=\dfrac{dk+3d}{d}=\dfrac{d\left(k+3\right)}{d}=k+3\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{a+3b}{b}=\dfrac{c+3d}{d}\)

Bài 2:

a: x:y=4:7

=>\(\dfrac{x}{4}=\dfrac{y}{7}\)

mà x+y=44

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{4}=\dfrac{y}{7}=\dfrac{x+y}{4+7}=\dfrac{44}{11}=4\)

=>\(x=4\cdot4=16;y=4\cdot7=28\)

b: \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{5}\)

mà x+y=28

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{x+y}{2+5}=\dfrac{28}{7}=4\)

=>\(x=4\cdot2=8;y=4\cdot5=20\)

Bài 3:

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{3}=k\)

=>x=5k; y=4k; z=3k

\(M=\dfrac{x+2y-3z}{x-2y+3z}\)

\(=\dfrac{5k+2\cdot4k-3\cdot3k}{5k-2\cdot4k+3\cdot3k}\)

\(=\dfrac{5+8-9}{5-8+9}=\dfrac{4}{6}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

1) ADTCDTSBN, ta có:

 \(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{4}=\frac{z}{5}\)= \(\frac{2x^2+2y^2-3z^2}{18+32-75}=\frac{-100}{-25}\)= 4

* \(\frac{x}{3}=4\)=> x = 3 . 4 = 12

- \(\frac{y}{4}=4\)=> y = 4 . 4 = 16

* \(\frac{z}{5}=4\)=> z = 5 . 4 = 20

Vậy x = 12

       y = 16

       z = 20

x=12

y=16

z=20

\(\dfrac{3x-2y}{4}=\dfrac{4y-3z}{2}=\dfrac{2z-4x}{3}=\dfrac{12x-8y}{16}=\dfrac{6z-12x}{9}=\dfrac{8y-6z}{4}=\dfrac{12x-8y+6z-12x+8y-6z}{16+9+4}=\dfrac{0}{29}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-2y=0\\2z-4x=0\\4y-3z=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\\\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}\\\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{x}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{x-2y+3z}{2-6+12}=\dfrac{8}{8}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=3\\z=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

$\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{5}=\frac{x-2y+3z}{2-2.3+3.5}=\frac{38}{11}$

⇒
⎧⎨⎪ ⎪
x=3811.2=7611y=3811.3=11411z=3811.5=19011

Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{2y}{6}=\dfrac{3z}{15}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{2y}{6}=\dfrac{3z}{15}=\dfrac{x-2y+3z}{2-6+15}=\dfrac{38}{11}\)

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{38}{11}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{76}{11}\)

\(\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{38}{11}\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{114}{11}\)

\(\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{38}{11}\Rightarrow z=\dfrac{190}{11}\)

Giải:

Áp dụng t/c của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{x-2y+3z}{2-2.3+3.5}=\dfrac{38}{11}\) 

Suy ra:

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{38}{11}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{38.2}{11}=\dfrac{76}{11}\) 

\(\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{38}{11}\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{38.3}{11}=\dfrac{114}{11}\) 

\(\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{38}{11}\Rightarrow z=\dfrac{38.5}{11}=\dfrac{190}{11}\)