Chương I - Căn bậc hai. Căn bậc ba

Mai Anh Phạm

1.Tính:
a.\(\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{2}}\) + \(\sqrt{6-4\sqrt{2}}\) +\(\sqrt{9-4\sqrt{2}}\)
b.\(\sqrt{\left(4+\sqrt{10}\right)^2}\) -\(\sqrt{\left(4-\sqrt{10}\right)^2}\)
c.\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2013}-\sqrt{2014}}\) -\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2014}-\sqrt{2015}}\)

2.Giải pt:
a.\(x^2\) -2\(\sqrt{5}x\) +5 =0
b.\(\sqrt{x+3}\) =1

3.Cho:A=\(\dfrac{x-\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\) - \(\dfrac{2x+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}\) +\(\dfrac{2\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) ,với x>0 và x\(\ne\) 1
a.Rút gọn A
b.Tìm GTNN của A

tran nguyen bao quan
2 tháng 1 2019 lúc 15:20

1.

a) \(\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt{6-4\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt{9-4\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{2-2\sqrt{2}+1}+\sqrt{4-2.2.\sqrt{2}+2}+\sqrt{8-2.2\sqrt{2}.1+1}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2-2.\sqrt{2}.1+1^2}+\sqrt{2^2-2.2.\sqrt{2}+\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2\sqrt{2}\right)^2-2.2\sqrt{2}.1+1^2}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}=\left|\sqrt{2}-1\right|+\left|2-\sqrt{2}\right|+\left|2\sqrt{2}-1\right|=\sqrt{2}-1+2-\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{2}-1=2\sqrt{2}\)

b) \(\sqrt{\left(4+\sqrt{10}\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(4-\sqrt{10}\right)^2}=\left|4+\sqrt{10}\right|-\left|4-\sqrt{10}\right|=4+\sqrt{10}-4+\sqrt{10}=2\sqrt{10}\)

c) \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2013}-\sqrt{2014}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2014}-\sqrt{2015}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2013}+\sqrt{2014}}{\left(\sqrt{2013}-\sqrt{2014}\right)\left(\sqrt{2013}+\sqrt{2014}\right)}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2014}+\sqrt{2015}}{\left(\sqrt{2014}-\sqrt{2015}\right)\left(\sqrt{2014}+\sqrt{2015}\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2013}+\sqrt{2014}}{2013-2014}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2014}+\sqrt{2015}}{2014-2015}=-\left(\sqrt{2013}+\sqrt{2014}\right)+\sqrt{2014}+\sqrt{2015}=-\sqrt{2013}-\sqrt{2014}+\sqrt{2014}+\sqrt{2015}=\sqrt{2015}-\sqrt{2013}\)

2.

a) \(x^2-2\sqrt{5}x+5=0\Leftrightarrow x^2-2.x.\sqrt{5}+\left(\sqrt{5}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{5}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x-\sqrt{5}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\sqrt{5}\)Vậy S={\(\sqrt{5}\)}

b) ĐK:x\(\ge-3\)

\(\sqrt{x+3}=1\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+3}\right)^2=1^2\Leftrightarrow x+3=1\Leftrightarrow x=-2\left(tm\right)\)

Vậy S={-2}

3.

a) \(A=\dfrac{x-\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{2x+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(x\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)+2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)=\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)-2\sqrt{x}-1+2\sqrt{x}+2=x-\sqrt{x}+1\)

b) Ta có \(A=x-\sqrt{x}+1=x-2\sqrt{x}.\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Ta có \(\left(\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow A\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi x=\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)

Vậy GTNN của A=\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)

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