a) ĐK:x\(\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(3\left(x^2-1\right)+4x=4x\sqrt{4x-3}\Leftrightarrow3x^2-3+4x=4x\sqrt{4x-3}\Leftrightarrow4x-3-4x\sqrt{4x-3}+4x^2-x^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{4x-3}-2x\right)^2-x^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{4x-3}-2x-x\right)\left(\sqrt{4x-3}-2x+x\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{4x-3}-3x\right)\left(\sqrt{4x-3}-x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{4x-3}-3x=0\\\sqrt{4x-3}-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{4x-3}=3x\left(x\ge0\right)\\\sqrt{4x-3}=x\left(x\ge0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}4x-3=9x^2\\4x-3=x^2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}9x^2-4x+3=0\\x^2-4x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)(*)
Vì 9x2-4x+3>0 nên 9x2-4x+3=0(loại)
(*)\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+3=0\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-3x+3=0\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-1\right)-3\left(x-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(tm\right)\\x=3\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy S={1;3}